{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T09:00:24Z","timestamp":1782982824511,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,10]],"date-time":"2020-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This report describes 17 cases of red\u2010bellied black snake envenomation (RBBS; <jats:italic>Pseudechis porphyriacus<\/jats:italic>) in dogs in south\u2010eastern Queensland. Patients were prospectively enrolled for the treatment with a new tiger\u2010brown snake antivenom 8000\u2009units, (TBAV; Padula Serums Pty Ltd, VIC, Australia).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case Report<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical diagnosis of RBBS envenomation was made by either snake venom detection kit, snake identification using scale counting, or owner observed dog\u2010snake interaction in patients with clinical signs of envenomation. An RBBS venom antigen sandwich ELISA was used to retrospectively quantify venom levels in frozen serum and urine. Mechanical ventilation was required in 11% (2\/17) patients, whole blood transfusion in 12% (2\/17), tissue swelling at the bite site occurred in 53% (9\/17) and facial palsy in 12% (2\/17). One dog was euthanised, and overall, 94% (16\/17) survived to hospital discharge. Clinicopathological changes pre\u2010TBAV included variable haemolysis, increased CK, pigmenturia and mildly prolonged active clotting time with a median of 134\u2009s (n = 13, range 91\u2013206\u2009s). Haematological profiles post envenomation revealed anaemia (6\/6) and spherocytosis (5\/5), which resolved without the use of corticosteroids. Pre\u2010TBAV, median RBBS venom antigen concentration was 22.6\u2009ng\/mL (n = 15, range 2\u2013128) in serum and 58\u2009ng\/mL (range 1\u2013452) in urine; RBBS venom antigen was undetectable in serum post\u2010TBAV in all patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some RBBS envenomed dogs required, critical care including mechanical ventilation, blood transfusion, additional antivenom and prolonged hospitalisation. TBAV was effective with excellent prognosis despite stated specificity for tiger and brown snake.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T06:36:26Z","timestamp":1589178986000},"page":"319-325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Red\u2010bellied black snake (<i>Pseudechis porphyriacus<\/i>) envenomation in 17 dogs: clinical signs, coagulation changes, haematological abnormalities, venom antigen levels and outcomes following treatment with a tiger\u2010brown snake antivenom"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"ER","family":"Finney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pet Intensive Care Unit  Underwood Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9470-0160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"AM","family":"Padula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Venom Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Padula Serums Pty Ltd  Bairnsdale Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"EM","family":"Leister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pet Intensive Care Unit  Underwood Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2005.tb12743.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2016.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Snake bite as a veterinary problem","author":"Trinca G","year":"1959","journal-title":"Aust Vet Assoc (Victorian Division)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1958.tb05881.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2010.tb04108.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Red\u2010bellied black snake (Pseudechius porphyriacus) envenomation in a dog","volume":"45","author":"Trigg N","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust Vet Practitioner"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2006.tb12769.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(81)90121-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(91)90004-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"Australian animal toxins: the creatures, their toxins, and care of the poisoned patient","author":"Sutherland SK","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-006-0089-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(92)90230-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2010.00584.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"GoodmanI AnglesJM. 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