{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T01:21:29Z","timestamp":1771550489253,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007456","name":"Canine Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Locally acquired canine heartworm (<jats:italic>Dirofilaria immitis<\/jats:italic>) infection in the temperate southern climate zones of Australia is currently rare. We report a case of locally acquired canine heartworm from Sydney, New South Wales in a 12\u2010year\u2010old Fox Terrier \u00d7 Jack Russell female that presented with coughing and breathing difficulties. Absence of heartworm prevention and no travel outside Sydney was noted. Blood sample was <jats:italic>D. immitis<\/jats:italic> positive using antigen test, but negative on Modified Knott's testing. PCR confirmed the presence of <jats:italic>D. immitis<\/jats:italic> DNA in circulating blood. Echocardiographic examination revealed multiple parallel echogenic lines separated by a hypoechoic region (\u2018tram\u2010tracks\u2019) in the right pulmonary artery. The patient was treated and clinical condition gradually improved over the following 12\u2009months. Antigen test remained positive for <jats:italic>D. immitis<\/jats:italic> at ~7\u2009months and became negative at ~15\u2009months after the start of the treatment. The most plausible scenario is importation of infected mosquito(s) in the luggage arriving from Queensland, Australia, common holiday destination for many Sydney\u2010siders. We consider this a case of \u2018baggage canine heartworm\u2019. Canine heartworm in dogs who did not travel should be considered in the differential diagnosis and <jats:italic>D. immitis<\/jats:italic> antigen test coupled with Modified Knott's test or PCR must be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.13074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T06:33:08Z","timestamp":1619505188000},"page":"359-362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Suspect \u2018baggage canine heartworm\u2019 case: canine heartworm disease in a dog from Sydney, New South Wales"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"B","family":"McKeever","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sydney University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales 2006 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