{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T11:47:32Z","timestamp":1769168852791,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,20]],"date-time":"2021-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001794","name":"University of Queensland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dog\u2010to\u2010dog bite wounds are a common veterinary emergency presentation: despite this, there is insufficient information to guide veterinarians on appropriate empirical antimicrobial management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Investigate the effectiveness of amoxicillin\u2013clavulanic acid with and without enrofloxacin in the treatment of moderate grade dog bite wounds (DBW). To describe common pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a single\u2010centre parallel group pragmatic trial, 50 dogs presenting with moderate grade DBW were prospectively randomised to receive amoxicillin\u2013clavulanic acid (group A) or amoxicillin\u2013clavulanic acid and enrofloxacin (group B). Swabs were taken for culture and susceptibility testing at admission. Stabilisation, wound care and surgical debridement were performed at the discretion of admitting clinicians. The primary outcome was complication due to infection at 10\u2009days, with Bayesian inference used to estimate the difference in proportions between treatment groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 24 dogs in treatment group A, 1 required the addition of enrofloxacin at re\u2010examination. None of the 26 dogs in group B required alteration of antimicrobial coverage. The difference in complication rate due to infection between treatment groups was 4.2%. Twenty\u2010one different organisms were identified: <jats:italic>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Neisseria<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Pasteurella multocida<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>canis<\/jats:italic> were the most common. Over 90% of gram\u2010negative and gram\u2010positive isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin\u2013clavulanic acid. Ninety\u2010six percent of gram\u2010negative and 86% of gram\u2010positive isolates were susceptible to enrofloxacin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and clinical significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Amoxicillin\u2013clavulanic acid is an appropriate empirical antimicrobial choice for moderate DBW in South East Queensland. Reduced empirical enrofloxacin use will promote antimicrobial stewardship and potentially antimicrobial resistance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.13093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T03:20:01Z","timestamp":1624245601000},"page":"369-377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Treatment of moderate grade dog bite wounds using amoxicillin\u2013clavulanic acid with and without enrofloxacin: a randomised non\u2010inferiority trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4437-0957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"NJ","family":"Kalnins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3387-9982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M","family":"Haworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2179-6979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C","family":"Croton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland  Gatton Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland  Toowoomba Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2202-8082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"JS","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2464-3954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"AJ","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2228-8610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"SL","family":"Purcell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12256"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(00)50045-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2006.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0442.2002.jv416.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.12.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"British Small Animal Veterinary Association.Antibacterial use in our practice.Guide to responsible use of antibacterials: PROTECT ME. 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