{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T14:10:38Z","timestamp":1772806238243,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Food for human and animal consumption can provide a vehicle for the transfer of pathogenic and antimicrobial\u2010resistant bacteria into the food chain. We investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility of 453 <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> isolates collected from raw feed components, equipment and finished feed from 17 commercial feed mills in Australia between 2012 and 2021. Previous studies have found <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> prevalence and the diversity of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> serotypes are greatest in the raw feed components. We, therefore, hypothesised that we would find a greater proportion of antimicrobial\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> isolates in the raw feed components compared to other sample types. We found that of 453 isolates tested, 356 (0.80) were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, 49 (0.11) were nonsusceptible to streptomycin only and 48 (0.11) were resistant to two or more antimicrobials. Of the 48 antimicrobial\u2010resistant isolates, 44 were found in feed milling equipment, two in raw feed components and two in finished feed. Statistical analysis, using a logistic regression with random effects model, found that the population\u2010adjusted mean probability of detecting antimicrobial\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> isolates from feed milling equipment of 0.39, was larger than the probability of detecting resistant isolates in raw feed components 0.01, (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and in finished feed, 0.11, (P\u00a0=\u00a00.006). This propensity for antimicrobial\u2010resistant bacteria to colonise feed milling equipment has not been previously reported. Further studies are required to understand the ecology of antimicrobial\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> in the feed milling environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.13146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T08:28:03Z","timestamp":1642494483000},"page":"213-219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antimicrobial\u2010resistant <i>Salmonella<\/i> is detected more frequently in feed milling equipment than in raw feed components or processed animal feed"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4846-1925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"EM","family":"Parker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine The Ohio State University  1920, Coffey Road Columbus Ohio 43210 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Valcanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiological Diagnostic Unit\u2013Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LJ","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ridley AgriProducts Pty Ltd  70\u201080, Bald Hill Road Pakenham Victoria 3810 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiological Diagnostic Unit\u2013Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DF","family":"Mollenkopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine The Ohio State University  1920, Coffey Road Columbus Ohio 43210 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"TE","family":"Wittum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine The Ohio State University  1920, Coffey Road Columbus Ohio 43210 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9760"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/342885"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Salmonella(non\u2010typhoidal).2018. 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