{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:58:30Z","timestamp":1787497110257,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001799","name":"Murdoch University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001799","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001044","name":"Dairy Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001044","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to determine the bacterial isolates associated with postpartum endometritis among dairy cows in Western Australia and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted between June\u2013October 2020. Endometritis was defined as evidence of mucopurulent to purulent vaginal discharge 60\u2013100\u2009days postpartum. Vaginal discharge samples were obtained, cultured, identified and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. A total of 118 bacterial isolates were grown from 46 animals, representing 36 species. The bacteria isolated from both aerobic and anaerobic cultures included\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (60.2%),\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (12.7%),\n                    <jats:italic>Trueperella<\/jats:italic>\n                    (10.1%),\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia<\/jats:italic>\n                    (6.7%) and\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (5.9%). The remaining genera &lt;5% were\n                    <jats:italic>Histophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Aeroccocus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Moraxella<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Resistance was variable between isolates, but the highest resistance levels were observed in\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcal<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates to enrofloxacin, clindamycin and erythromycin, respectively. All\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcal<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates exhibited 100% resistance to enrofloxacin, and the greatest resistance levels were found in\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus luteinises<\/jats:italic>\n                    to trimethoprim\u2010sulfamethoxazole 83%, clindamycin 66% and 33% quinupristin\u2010dalfopristin. There was 84.5% resistance to clindamycin and 35.2% to erythromycin in the\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, with the highest resistance found in\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus licheniformis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited 12.5% resistance to gentamycin, ceftiofur, whereas amoxicillin\u2010clavulanic acid exhibited 37.5%. Within the\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcal<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, 28.5%, 28.5%, 42.8% and 14.2% resistance to ceftiofur, erythromycin, cefoxitin, penicillin and tetracycline were observed, respectively. The presence of resistance to important antimicrobials for human use, such as cephalosporins, macrolides and fluoroquinolones, highlights the need for judicious use of antimicrobials in dairy cattle.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.13152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T00:43:05Z","timestamp":1646354585000},"page":"205-212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A pilot study on bacterial isolates associated with purulent vaginal discharge in dairy cows in the south\u2010west region of Western Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"PA","family":"Ludbey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University  Murdoch Western Australia 6150 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