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Notwithstanding the absence of good quality information, Australian and New Zealand (NZ) veterinarians should aim to minimise the exposure of cats to FIV. The most reliable way to achieve this goal is to recommend that all pet cats are kept exclusively indoors, or with secure outdoor access (e.g., cat enclosures, secure gardens), with FIV testing of any in\u2010contact cats. All animal holding facilities should aim to individually house adult cats to limit the spread of FIV infection in groups of animals that are stressed and do not have established social hierarchies. Point\u2010of\u2010care (PoC) FIV antibody tests are available in Australia and NZ that can distinguish FIV\u2010infected and uninfected FIV\u2010vaccinated cats (Witness\u2122 and Anigen Rapid\u2122). Although testing of whole blood, serum or plasma remains the gold standard for FIV diagnosis, PoC testing using saliva may offer a welfare\u2010friendly alternative in the future. PCR testing to detect FIV infection is not recommended as a screening procedure since a negative PCR result does not rule out FIV infection and is only recommended in specific scenarios. Australia and NZ are two of three countries where a dual subtype FIV vaccine (Fel\u2010O\u2010Vax\u00ae FIV) is available and offers a further avenue for disease prevention. Since FIV vaccination only has a reported field effectiveness of 56% in Australia, and possibly lower in NZ, FIV\u2010vaccinated cats should undergo annual FIV testing prior to annual FIV re\u2010vaccination using a suitable PoC kit to check infection has not occurred in the preceding year. With FIV\u2010infected cats, clinicians should strive to be even more thorough than usual at detecting early signs of disease. The most effective way to enhance the quality of life and life expectancy of FIV\u2010infected cats is to optimise basic husbandry and to treat any concurrent conditions early in the disease course. Currently, no available drugs are registered for the treatment of FIV infection. Critically, the euthanasia of healthy FIV\u2010infected cats, and sick FIV\u2010infected cats without appropriate clinical investigations, should not occur.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.13166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T03:53:45Z","timestamp":1652759625000},"page":"345-359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Feline immunodeficiency virus (<scp>FIV<\/scp>) infection in domestic pet cats in Australia and New Zealand: Guidelines for diagnosis, prevention and management"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7400-1960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ME","family":"Westman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8683-5014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"SJ","family":"Coggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"van Dorsselaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cat Clinic  New Town Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0003-6930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"JM","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"The Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9887-3357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"RA","family":"Squires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health, Medical &amp; Veterinary Sciences James Cook University  Townsville Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5136-3982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6025-194X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Veterinary Education The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Veterinary and Animal Science Charles Sturt University  Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2014.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2005.11.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02090-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2009.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328013d88a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2006.tb13392.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2008.00336.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2006.00071.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.06.060"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"358","article-title":"Feline immunodeficiency virus subtypes in domestic cats in New Zealand. 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