{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T23:59:24Z","timestamp":1768003164832,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Indospicine is an arginine analogue and a natural toxin occurring only in <jats:italic>Indigofera<\/jats:italic> plant species, including Australian native species. It accumulates in the tissues of grazing animals, persisting for several months after ingestion. Dogs are particularly sensitive to indospicine toxicity and can suffer fatal liver disease after eating indospicine\u2010contaminated pet meat.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A disease outbreak investigation was launched following notification to Agriculture Victoria of a cluster of 18 dogs displaying acute, severe, hepatopathy in the East Gippsland Shire in June 2021.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between June and September 2021, 24 pet dogs died, and 40 others experienced liver disease after eating commercially prepared pet meat found to contain indospicine. The investigation identified the toxin in serum and liver samples from affected dogs and at high levels in some samples of pet meat eaten by the dogs. Twenty\u2010six horses that were moved from the Northern Territory and processed at a Pet Meat Processing facility (knackery) in eastern Victoria over a period of 14\u2009days in late May\u2013early June 2021 were identified as the likely source of the indospicine toxin in the pet meat. Pet meat produced by the knackery and on\u2010sold by several retailers was determined to be the cause of the illness and death in the dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first report of severe and frequently fatal hepatopathy in dogs in Victoria relating to consumption of pet meat contaminated with indospicine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.13171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T05:54:01Z","timestamp":1660888441000},"page":"465-475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Hepatopathy in Victorian dogs consuming pet meat contaminated with indospicine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"S. E.","family":"Salmon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chief Veterinary Officer's Unit Agriculture Victoria  Attwood Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. L.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chief Veterinary Officer's Unit Agriculture Victoria  Attwood Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. E.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chief Veterinary Officer's Unit Agriculture Victoria  Attwood Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. R.","family":"Dries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chief Veterinary Officer's Unit Agriculture Victoria  Attwood Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Sarandopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chief Veterinary Officer's Unit Agriculture Victoria  Attwood Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Coghill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PrimeSafe  South Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. C.","family":"Hawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions Agriculture Victoria Research  Bundoora Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture5030427"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1988.tb14259.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2010.00684.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Northern Territory Legislation Database. Meat Industry Act 1996https:\/\/legislation.nt.gov.au\/en\/Legislation\/MEAT-INDUSTRIES-ACT-1996. Accessed 5 September 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1951.tb13417.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"Agriculture Victoria. Significant Disease Investigation (SDI) Program. [Cited 4 November 2021]https:\/\/agriculture.vic.gov.au\/biosecurity\/animal-diseases\/significant-disease-investigation-sdi-program."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"MSD Veterinary Manual. Hepatotoxins in Small Animalshttps:\/\/www.msdvetmanual.com\/digestive-system\/hepatic-disease-in-small-animals\/hepatotoxins-in-small-animals. Accessed 4 November 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"HallSL HunnamJC SalmonSEet al.An outbreak of acute severe canine hepatopathy associated with feeding knackery meat products: A case\u2010control study. (In preparation)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"PISCTechnical Report 88 \u2010 Standard for the Hygienic Processing of Pet Meathttps:\/\/www.publish.csiro.au\/book\/6180\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870701900317"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13010065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879300500317"}],"container-title":["Australian Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/avj.13171","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/avj.13171","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/avj.13171","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T15:09:39Z","timestamp":1692630579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/avj.13171"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/avj.13171"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/avj.13171","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-0423","1751-0813"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-0423","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-0813","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-01-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}