{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T02:49:57Z","timestamp":1778554197510,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001786","name":"University of Adelaide","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001786","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite bovine viral diarrhoea virus and <jats:italic>Chlamydia pecorum<\/jats:italic> being important endemic diseases of cattle, there are limited reports of theirco\u2010occurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case report<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several 12\u201318\u2010week\u2010old, weaned Hereford calves presented with ill\u2010thriftiness and neurological signs on a mixed cattle and sheep farm in South Australia in July 2021. Immune suppression resulting from transient infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is implicated in predisposing to infection with <jats:italic>Chlamydia pecorum<\/jats:italic>, the causative agent of sporadic bovine encephalopathy (SBE). <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> spp. are difficult to culture <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> or definitively identify based on current standard molecular based tests. In this case, diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>To the authors' knowledge, this case report is the first to document BVDV transient infection occurring in conjunction with SBE. Given the current high prevalence of BVDV on Australian farms, such co\u2010infections may have significant future clinical relevance. This case also highlights the need for appropriate tests, such as immunohistochemistry to demonstrate the causative organism in histological lesions and thus reduce the occurrence of false negative diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.13307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T05:34:55Z","timestamp":1703655295000},"page":"80-86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sporadic bovine encephalopathy caused by <i>Chlamydia pecorum<\/i> secondary to bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection in calves in South Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Gaussen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thrive Agri Services  Hamilton Victoria 3300 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DJ","family":"Trott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davies Livestock Research Centre University of Adelaide  Roseworthy South Australia 5371 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z","family":"Spiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute NSW Department of Primary Industries  Menangle New South Wales 2568 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute NSW Department of Primary Industries  Menangle New South Wales 2568 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1760-3575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davies Livestock Research Centre University of Adelaide  Roseworthy South Australia 5371 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985817751218"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/jvetres-2020-0077"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.12.5664-5672.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-10-121"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985820967451"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044961"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985820985288"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"SlatteryS.Sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis and ovine chlamydiosis in the Narrabri District. 2011. Available at:http:\/\/www.flockandherd.net.au\/other\/reader\/sbe-oc.html. Accessed 17 January 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.05.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-021-00950-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03009858221120008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Investigation of an unusual veterinary syndrome leading to confirmation of sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis (SBE) in New Zealand","volume":"42","author":"Buckle K","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dent Surv"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","volume-title":"Veterinary use of antibiotics highly important to human health","author":"AVA","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","volume-title":"Antimicrobial prescribing guidelines for dairy cattle","author":"AVA","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000484891"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci9100285"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010298"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.12.125"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101263"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","volume-title":"Priority list of endemic diseases for the red meat industry \u2013 2022 update","author":"Shephard R","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","unstructured":"Zoetis.Pestigard. 2022. Available at:\u2009https:\/\/www.zoetis.com.au\/livestock-solutions\/pdfs\/zoetis-pestigard-product-information.pdf. Accessed 17 January 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252315000080"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12988"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2020.105092"}],"container-title":["Australian Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/avj.13307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T02:26:23Z","timestamp":1709519183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/avj.13307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/avj.13307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/avj.13307","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-0423","1751-0813"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-0423","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-0813","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}