{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:05:54Z","timestamp":1792717554355,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,11]],"date-time":"2024-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the breed\u2010characteristic features of cervical intervertebral disc disease (C\u2010IVDD) and associated vertebral instability in small\u2010breed dogs and to present the concept of intervertebral disc degeneration and associated instability stage, method of diagnosis, treatment and outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 307 client\u2010owned dogs with C\u2010IVDD treated with spinal cord decompression with or without vertebral stabilization (2000\u20132021).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Information on age, sex, affected sites, stabilized sites, diagnostic methods for vertebral instability and outcomes were retrieved. The patient's age, affected sites (cranial vs caudal discs), and frequency of vertebral stabilization were compared in six CD and five NCD breed. Multivariable analyses of the chondrodystrophic (CD) vs non\u2010CD (NCD) groups, and vertebral stabilization (dogs stabilized vs dogs not stabilized) were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 222 (72.3%) and 77 (25.1%) were CD and NCD breeds, respectively. Vertebral instabilities were diagnosed based on the survey radiographs with computed tomography\/magnetic resonance imaging (n\u2009=\u20092), dynamic myelography (n\u2009=\u200929), intraoperative spinal manipulation (n\u2009=\u200911) or second surgery in dogs with persistent postoperative paraspinal pain (n\u2009=\u20093). Of these dogs, 295 (96.1%) recovered (median follow\u2010up: 8.5 [range, 1\u2013119] months). Significant differences in age, affected sites and frequency of stabilization were noted among the breeds. Older age and frequent vertebral stabilization were the associated factors for the NCD breed dogs. Male dogs, caudal discs affected (C5\u2013T1) and the NCD breed dogs were risk factors for the dogs with vertebral stabilization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vertebral stabilization is indicated for small\u2010breed dogs with cervical disc\u2010associated vertebral instability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.13320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T04:15:02Z","timestamp":1707711302000},"page":"274-281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cervical intervertebral disc disease in 307 small\u2010breed dogs (2000\u20132021): Breed\u2010characteristic features and disc\u2010associated vertebral instability"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"T","family":"Aikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Aikawa Veterinary Medical Center  Tokyo 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