{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:58:09Z","timestamp":1791907089667,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A healthy chicken's intestinal flora harbours a rich reservoir of <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> as part of the commensal microbiota. However, some strains, known as avian pathogenic <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> (APEC), carry specific virulence genes (VGs) that enable them to invade and cause extraintestinal infections such as avian colibacillosis. Although several VG combinations have been identified, the pathogenic mechanisms associated with APEC are ill\u2010defined. The current study screened a subset of 88 <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates selected from 237 pre\u2010existing isolates obtained from commercial poultry flocks in Australia. The 88 isolates were selected based on their enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles and included 29 <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates cultured from chickens with colibacillosis (referred to as clinical <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> or CEC) and 59 faecal <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> (FEC) isolates cultured from clinically healthy chickens. The isolates were screened for the presence of 35 previously reported VGs. Of these, 34 were identified, with <jats:italic>iucA<\/jats:italic> not being detected. VGs <jats:italic>focG<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>hlyA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>sfa\/foc<\/jats:italic> were only detected in FEC isolates. Eight VGs had a prevalence of 90% or above in the CEC isolates. Specifically, <jats:italic>astA<\/jats:italic> (100%); <jats:italic>feoB<\/jats:italic> (96.6%); <jats:italic>iutA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>iss<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ompT<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>iroN<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>hlyF<\/jats:italic> (all 93.1%); and <jats:italic>vat<\/jats:italic> (89.7%). The prevalence of these were significantly lower in FEC isolates (<jats:italic>astA<\/jats:italic> 79.7%, <jats:italic>feoB<\/jats:italic> 77.9%, <jats:italic>iutA<\/jats:italic> 52.5%, <jats:italic>iss<\/jats:italic> 45.8%, <jats:italic>ompT<\/jats:italic> 50.9%, <jats:italic>iroN<\/jats:italic> 37.3%, <jats:italic>hlyF<\/jats:italic> 50.9% and <jats:italic>vat<\/jats:italic> 42.4%). The odds ratios that each of these eight VGs were more likely to be associated with CEC than FEC ranged from 7.8 to 21.9. These eight VGs may be used to better define APEC and diagnostically detect APEC in Australia. Further investigations are needed to identify the roles of these VGs in pathogenicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.13339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T10:38:16Z","timestamp":1715251096000},"page":"398-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Virulence\u2010associated genes in faecal and clinical <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> isolates cultured from broiler chickens in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6236-4772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L","family":"Awawdeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science Western Sydney University  Richmond New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Forrest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing &amp; Health Science Te P\u016bkenga|Eastern Institute of Technology  Napier New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Turni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science The University of Queensland  Dutton Park Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5560-4237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R","family":"Cobbold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0282-1318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J","family":"Henning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2005.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0034-5288(02)00075-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxad014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119421481.ch18"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01509"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00816-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2004057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1637\/10503-012513-Reg.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2005.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.11.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2022.2065969"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1637\/7293-102604r"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.24.6823"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki468"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2008.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals. 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