{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:12:17Z","timestamp":1773007937180,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]],"date-time":"2024-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015891","name":"Animal Health Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015891","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In February 2023, a report of morbidity and mortality in waterbirds triggered a collaborative regional wildlife disease outbreak investigation and response, led by Parks Victoria. Triage, rehabilitation and diagnosis of sick and dead birds were undertaken by Zoos Victoria (ZV), Agriculture Victoria, Vets for Compassion, Wildlife Victoria and Melbourne Veterinary School (MVS). The field response focused on collection of sick and dead birds for wildlife welfare, for diagnosis, and to reduce environmental contamination. Botulism was suspected, based on clinical signs and lack of significant gross pathology, and this diagnosis was confirmed by PCR testing. Low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) viruses non H5 or H7 were detected in two birds and ruled out in all in others tested. These incidental, non\u2010clinical LPAI detections are considered part of the natural wild bird virus community in Australia. A number of elements contributed to the collaborative effort. Regional individuals had the necessary connections for reporting, collecting and transporting birds. There was rapid determination by the Victorian Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action (DEECA) that Parks Victoria, as the land managers, should lead the response. Zoos Victoria provided capacity and expertise in wildlife triage and rehabilitation, and Agriculture Victoria, ZV and MVS were responsible for veterinary management of the response and diagnosis. Field investigation and response were conducted by Parks Victoria, Agriculture Victoria, MVS and veterinary teams from Vets for Compassion and Wildlife Victoria. Wildlife Health Australia (WHA) provided guidance and information, approved National Significant Disease Investigation Program funding and captured the event in the national wildlife health information database. Communication and media were important for community understanding of the event.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.13364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T04:54:05Z","timestamp":1722833645000},"page":"514-516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Collaborative wildlife disease outbreak investigation and response at Bells Swamp Victoria, February 2023"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"M","family":"McKimmie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parks Victoria  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"DEECA Forest Fire Management Victoria  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HJ","family":"Morrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture Victoria  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MC","family":"Hawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture Victoria  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Robins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Victoria  Ferntree Gully Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoos Victoria  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Bodley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoos Victoria  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoos Victoria  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Cox\u2010Witton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Health Australia  Canberra ACT Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Death","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Health Australia  Canberra ACT Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1476-3853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P","family":"Whiteley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Health Victoria: Surveillance, Melbourne Veterinary School The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","unstructured":"Wildlife Health Australia.Fact sheet: Diagnosis of avian botulism in Australia.2019a. Available at:https:\/\/wildlifehealthaustralia.com.au\/Portals\/0\/ResourceCentre\/FactSheets\/Avian\/Diagnosis_of_Avian_Botulism_in_Australia.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","volume-title":"Disease risk analysis for birds at Ramsar wetlands in Port Phillip Bay (western shoreline) and Bellarine peninsula","author":"Wiethoelter A","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","unstructured":"Wildlife Health Australia.National significant disease investigation program.2023a. Available at:https:\/\/wildlifehealthaustralia.com.au\/Incidents\/Disease-Investigation-Funding."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","unstructured":"Wildlife Health Australia.Fact sheet: Avian influenza in wild birds in Australia.2023b. Available at:https:\/\/wildlifehealthaustralia.com.au\/Portals\/0\/ResourceCentre\/FactSheets\/Avian\/Avian_Influenza_in_Wild_Birds_in_Australia.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2024.109990"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","unstructured":"Wildlife Health Australia.Fact sheet: Botulism in Australian wild birds.2019b. Available at:https:\/\/wildlifehealthaustralia.com.au\/Portals\/0\/ResourceCentre\/FactSheets\/Avian\/Botulism_in_Australian_wild_birds.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","unstructured":"Wildlife Health Australia.National guidelines on management of disease in free\u2010ranging wildlife in Australia.2020. Available at:https:\/\/wildlifehealthaustralia.com.au\/Portals\/0\/ResourceCentre\/BiosecurityMgmt\/National_Guidelines_Management_Disease_Freeranging_Aust_Wildlife_Nov_2020.pdf."}],"container-title":["Australian Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/avj.13364","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T01:14:14Z","timestamp":1727831654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/avj.13364"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/avj.13364"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/avj.13364","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-0423","1751-0813"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-0423","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-0813","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}