{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T18:40:49Z","timestamp":1788374449307,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]],"date-time":"2024-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In cats, mycobacteriosis tends to present in a syndromic manner, with cases either being due to tuberculosis (TB) (in countries where TB is endemic), one of the \u201cleprosy\u2010like\u201d diseases affecting the skin and subcutis, panniculitis caused by infection of subcutaneous tissues generally with rapidly growing <jats:italic>Mycobacteria<\/jats:italic> spp. or widely disseminated granulomatous disease, which is usually caused by members of the <jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium\u2010intracellulare<\/jats:italic> complex (MAC). Disseminated MAC disease is rare, but when it occurs, usually develops in immunocompromised hosts with defective cell\u2010mediated immunity. This report describes a case of widely disseminated mycobacteriosis in a 10\u2010year\u2010old American Shorthair cat with an atypical multi\u2010organ distribution including rarely documented thyroid gland involvement. The cat presented for a chronic history of inappetence and weight loss. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large mass on the left kidney, and an aspirate (FNA) from this mass showed abundant negative\u2010staining bacilli which were confirmed to be acid\u2010fast with Ziehl\u2013Neelsen (ZN) staining. This was consistent with a mycobacterial aetiology. Necropsy revealed mycobacterial granulomas and\/or granulomatous inflammation in the kidneys, thyroid gland, liver, spleen, lungs and left mandibular lymph node, with abundant intralesional acid\u2010fast bacilli in all these tissues. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture on samples of all affected tissues were positive for <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>. Collectively, the findings are consistent with disseminated mycobacteriosis due to <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic> with atypical distribution of lesions. Very likely, the cat had underlying immunodeficiency of undetermined cause, exacerbated by the administration of depot corticosteroid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.13410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T02:29:53Z","timestamp":1734920993000},"page":"121-126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Atypical presentation of disseminated mycobacteriosis due to <i>Mycobacterium avium<\/i> in an aged cat"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7605-6540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A","family":"Teh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clayfield Veterinary Clinic  Clayfield 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