{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T01:09:47Z","timestamp":1755220187973,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nearly all cases of cryptococcosis in koalas are caused by <jats:italic>Cryptococcus gattii<\/jats:italic> species complex. A rare case of meningitis due to <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic> VNI\/AFLP1 (abbreviated VNI) is described in a koala with nasal colonisation by both species complexes. An eight\u2010year\u2010old koala in a wildlife park presented for seizures and returned a positive latex cryptococcal antigen agglutination test. The koala was euthanased due to the severity of disease, and a post\u2010mortem computed tomography study showed mild mucosal thickening of the right nasal turbinates. The necropsy also showed slightly turbid cisternal cerebrospinal fluid and meningeal opacity. Histology revealed severe granulomatous cryptococcal meningitis and paucireactive right cryptococcal rhinitis. Fungal cultures yielded heavy pure growths of <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic> from the brain and spinal cord, and comparable heavy growths of both <jats:italic>C.\u2009neoformans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C.\u2009gattii<\/jats:italic> from the nasal cavity. <jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic> species complexes were identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI\u2010TOF) and multi\u2010locus sequence typing (MLST). The <jats:italic>C.\u2009neoformans<\/jats:italic> isolates from the brain, spinal cord and nasal cavity were identical by MLST and classified as sequencing type (ST) 23 and molecular type (MT) VNI. The <jats:italic>C. gattii<\/jats:italic> isolates were classified as ST 51 and AFLP4\/VGI (abbreviated VGI). This suggests that the meningitis developed as an extension of <jats:italic>C.\u2009neoformans<\/jats:italic> VNI from nasal cavity colonisation. This is the second documented case of central nervous system (CNS) cryptococcosis due to <jats:italic>C.\u2009neoformans<\/jats:italic> species complex in a koala and the first in Australia. Despite heavy nasal colonisation by <jats:italic>C.\u2009gattii<\/jats:italic>, only the <jats:italic>C.\u2009neoformans<\/jats:italic> isolate progressed to meningitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.13446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T01:41:01Z","timestamp":1745372461000},"page":"487-493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cryptococcal meningitis due to <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i> VNI in a koala (<i>Phascolarctos cinereus<\/i>) with progressive neurological disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7605-6540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A","family":"Teh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Crisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Somersby Animal Hospital  Somersby New South Wales 2250 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Dwars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute  Utrecht 3584 The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6025-194X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Veterinary Education The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LH","family":"de Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute  Utrecht 3584 The Netherlands"},{"name":"Westmead Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales 2145 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Krockenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-280X.1999.00236.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7010029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19084603"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2011.594967"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.40.3.273.282"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2016-0089.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.4.515"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.5498"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy144"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"519","article-title":"Meningoencephalitis in a koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) due to Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii infection","volume":"24","author":"Spencer A","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00357-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"489","volume-title":"Cryptococcus: from human pathogen to novel yeast","author":"Malik R","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.40.3.263.272"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/369378031000137242"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myz010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/MA05069"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00483-19"},{"volume-title":"Medicine of Australian mammals","year":"2008","author":"Blanshard W","key":"e_1_2_7_19_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12098"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15842"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-019-00404-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780902953886"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2006.00060.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01731581"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02903-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03392-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47666-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.13164"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1912.130265"}],"container-title":["Australian Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/avj.13446","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T23:34:08Z","timestamp":1754609648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/avj.13446"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/avj.13446"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/avj.13446","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-0423","1751-0813"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0005-0423"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1751-0813"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}