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In remote regions, where access to veterinary and medical services is limited, interactions between people and free\u2010roaming horses present a potential risk for zoonotic disease transmission. This review identifies potential pathways for the transmission of equine zoonoses in rural and remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, aiming to inform participatory prevention programs. Despite an expansive review across 20 databases, only six studies discussed the risk factors and transmission pathways for equine zoonoses in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Across these six studies, five equine zoonoses were discussed, including diseases caused by <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>, Hendra virus, Methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Streptococcus equi<\/jats:italic> subsp. <jats:italic>zooepidemicus<\/jats:italic>. These studies cover only a small portion of the equine zoonoses that can potentially impact public health. The review also discusses the role of emerging equine zoonoses, including those caused by <jats:italic>Chlamydia psittaci<\/jats:italic> and vector\u2010borne viruses, such as Ross River virus, West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis virus. Together, these studies emphasise the need for greater focus on One Health in remote Australian communities. Recommendations for participatory approaches to disease prevention and key areas for future research on zoonotic disease transmission in these regions are also provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.13462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]],"date-time":"2025-06-22T22:33:59Z","timestamp":1750631639000},"page":"693-714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Equine zoonotic disease risks in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities: a critical review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1245-6043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E","family":"Christofi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Hoopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities (AMRRIC)  Darwin Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6999-2664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C","family":"El\u2010Hage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, Melbourne Veterinary School University of Melbourne  Werribee Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Coffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ngangk Yira Institute for Change Murdoch University  Murdoch Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9445-6903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine The Australian National University  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7538-0410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B","family":"Cumming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities (AMRRIC)  Darwin Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Horses in Australia: an illustrated history","year":"2014","author":"Brasch N","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198703839.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Encountering the horse: initial reactions of Aboriginal Australians to a domesticated animal","volume":"62","author":"Fijn N","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aust Humanit Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RJ19019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","first-page":"201","volume-title":"Equestrian Cultures","author":"Menzies I","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","unstructured":"DonaldsonS FearyS.Aboriginal cultural values report: investigating Aboriginal people's associations with wild horses in Kosciuszko National Park NSW. 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