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Oral intoxication of pigs via feed offers an alternative approach that reduces these risks. An experiment was conducted to validate the oral administration of microencapsulated sodium nitrite (meSN) to group\u2010housed domestic grower pigs and assess the suitability of meSN as a mass destruction method for application during an emergency animal disease (EAD) response. Twenty\u2010four individually identified pigs were administered a pre\u2010feeding regimen followed by delivery of 10% (w\/w) meSN paste (Treatment 1) or 100% meSN as a top\u2010dress on standard pig feed (Treatment 2). Pigs ingested both treatments and presented with no visual signs of distress and demonstrated post\u2010feeding and exploratory behaviors consistent with those of group\u2010housed pigs for 20\u201340\u2009min after consumption of the toxic substrate. Intoxication presented as a visible reduction in movement\/activity followed by recumbency, dullness, loss of responsiveness, and eventually death. All treated pigs died. The welfare compromise requiring intervention was not observed by the attending veterinarians. Our findings suggest that after meSN application, pigs may be safely moved for about 15\u2009min when using paste or for about 30\u2009min when using top\u2010dress granules. After this time, pigs will start to lose posture and will have difficulty standing or walking. No clinically significant gross or histological post\u2010mortem tissue changes were detected. Tissue and intestinal content residues indicated that the risk of secondary nitrite\/nitrate poisoning to carcass scavengers is negligible. Critical contributors to successful lethal outcomes are considered to include: sodium nitrite stability and palatability offered by microencapsulation; successful transition to a placebo paste before application if a paste formulation is used; consumption of a lethal dose that accounts for wastage and uneven consumption by pigs sharing feed; and consumption being sufficiently rapid to overwhelm toxin metabolism pathways and cause death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.13466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T05:36:28Z","timestamp":1750052188000},"page":"582-591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microencapsulated sodium nitrite is a humane solution for domestic grower pig depopulation during an emergency animal disease response"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2454-4834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K","family":"Richards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SunPork Group  Eagle Farm Queensland 4009 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Pollock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SunPork Group  Eagle Farm Queensland 4009 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Shankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SunPork Group  Eagle Farm Queensland 4009 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Staples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Control Technologies  Melbourne Victoria 3062 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Formerly Southern Queensland Landscapes  Toowoomba Queensland 4350 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"BL","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Management Sciences  Grantham Queensland 4347 Australia"},{"name":"Centre for African Conservation Ecology Nelson Mandela University  Port Elizabeth 6034 South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing University of Southern Queensland  Toowoomba Queensland 4350 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Hewitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SunPork Group  Eagle Farm Queensland 4009 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"D'Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SunPork Group  Eagle Farm Queensland 4009 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Exercise razorback \u2013 movement controls \u2013 workshop report final","year":"2021","author":"Cozens M","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1"},{"volume-title":"Exercise hamstrung \u2013 understanding and mitigating pig supply chain impacts during an emergency animal disease response, exercise report","year":"2024","author":"Queensland Department of Primary Industries","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1"},{"volume-title":"Analysis of African swine fever incursion in Australia","year":"2019","author":"ACIL Allen Consulting","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Australian Pork Limited.Stages of pork production.2025. 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