{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:08:11Z","timestamp":1789661291797,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ingestion of anticoagulant rodenticide is among the most common toxicoses seen in dogs and cats. Current treatment protocols in veterinary patients recommend the use of plasma\u2010containing blood products to replenish clotting factors. Intravenous mixed\u2010micelle phytomenadione (MMP) represents a safe and cost\u2010effective alternative to traditional therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Description of the use of MMP as a treatment for clinical anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis, focusing on the incidence of adverse reactions and restoration of coagulation times. Duration of hospitalisation, cost of treatment and need for red blood cell\u2010containing products were compared between two cohorts of patients receiving MMP and traditional therapy with blood products.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective search of electronic medical records from two Australian emergency and referral hospitals for patients treated for clinical anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis between July 2021 and July 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      74 animals (71 dogs, 3 cats) were treated for anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis within the study period. 44 dogs comprised the \u201ccontrol\u201d group, and 27 dogs and 3 cats comprised the \u201cMMP\u201d group. One dog was excluded from each group. There was no difference in survival to discharge between groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.28). No adverse reactions to MMP were recorded. Dogs within the \u201ccontrol\u201d group were significantly more likely to receive fresh frozen plasma (FFP), there was no difference in requirement for red blood cell\u2010containing products between groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091). Animals in the MMP group had significantly shorter hospitalisation time when compared with the control group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on red cell transfusion requirements and survival data in this case series, it can be suggested that MMP is a comparable\u00a0and cost\u2010effective treatment alternative for clinical anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.70004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T11:19:19Z","timestamp":1754651959000},"page":"906-915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of intravenous mixed micelle phytomenadione (vitamin\n                    <scp>K1<\/scp>\n                    ) and traditional therapies for the treatment of anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis in dogs and cats: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7052-671X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G","family":"Agostini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Veterinary Specialists  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ET","family":"Mooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Specialist Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ELW","family":"Wilkie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Specialist Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JD","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Specialist Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2023.1940-1951"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2018.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"399p","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of the anticoagulants warfarin, 2\u2010chloro\u20103\u2010phytylnaphthoquinone (Cl\u2010K), acenocoumarol, brodifacoum and difenacoum in the rabbit [proceedings]","volume":"64","author":"Breckenridge AM","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi700527j"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)30890-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1992.tb00981.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1963.tb05475.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.879179"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)30882-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2011.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(01)00003-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-35-1-38"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"Anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication in animals\u2014a review","volume":"32","author":"Valchev I","year":"2008","journal-title":"Turk J Vet Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1982.180.11.1354"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1983.44.11.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1991.tb94070.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029616674825"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1767"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090199"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1557(199805\/06)7:3<173::AID-PDS343>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2019.1687903"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","unstructured":"LiuD KingLG.Coagulopathies in Veterinary Patients: When Is It Rat Poison?https:\/\/todaysveterinarypractice.com\/toxicology\/coagulopathies-in-veterinary-patients-when-is-it-rat-poison\/. 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