{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:49:56Z","timestamp":1789015796411,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001250","name":"Morris Animal Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D21ZO\u2010507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D21ZO\u2010507"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001250","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat for people and animals, including wildlife. The overuse and misuse of antimicrobials continues to fuel the spread of AMR. We performed a retrospective analysis of systemic antibiotic administration in fire\u2010affected koalas admitted to two wildlife treatment facilities during the catastrophic Australian wildfires in 2019\u20132020, to assess the practice of antimicrobial stewardship during a wildlife emergency. Triage and treatment records were obtained for fire\u2010affected koalas (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009355) admitted to two facilities during the wildfires. Analyses showed that 40.3% of koalas at Facility A and 35.0% of koalas at Facility B received systemic antibiotics. The majority of antibiotics (63.9%, comprising multiple types of beta\u2010lactams) administered to koalas at Facility A were prophylactic treatments in koalas with noninfected moderate to severe cutaneous burn wounds. The majority of antibiotics (75.0%, comprising chloramphenicol and enrofloxacin) administered to koalas at Facility B were chlamydial disease treatments. Overall, 29.4% of all antibiotic treatments (predominantly beta\u2010lactams and enrofloxacin) were administered for recorded clinical infections. Where koala\u2010specific guidelines and protocols for treating burn wounds were not available, there was an overuse of systemic antibiotics and frequently sub\u2010optimal antibiotic stewardship in burnt koalas during the 2019\u20132020 wildfire emergency response. Best practice antibiotic prescribing was also not always feasible due to a shortage of first\u2010choice antibiotics (e.g., injectable chloramphenicol for chlamydial disease). This study highlights the importance of preparedness for future wildfire events and identifies a need for equipping veterinarians with guidelines for treating fire\u2010affected koalas during emergency situations. Additional education, guidance and resources are required to enable appropriate antimicrobial stewardship by responding veterinarians during wildlife emergencies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.70006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T02:38:01Z","timestamp":1754447881000},"page":"475-486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Systemic antibiotic use in fire\u2010affected koalas (<scp><i>Phascolarctos cinereus<\/i><\/scp>) admitted to two wildlife treatment facilities during the 2019\u20132020 wildfires"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8669-9702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"FK","family":"McDougall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales 2109 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