{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T06:51:14Z","timestamp":1780987874588,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Point of care ultrasonographic (POCUS) assessment of the equine abdomen is now readily available to the equine practitioner using hand\u2010held ultrasound transducers. Commonly used medications may alter the sonographic appearance or function of the small intestine, caecum or colon.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To demonstrate qualitative and quantitative effects of xylazine sedation on intestinal motility of healthy horses using hand\u2010held, wi\u2010fi ultrasound transducers and validate POCUS methodology by determination of intra\u2010 and interobserver agreement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Double\u2010blind cross\u2010over study of eight healthy horses using hand\u2010held, wi\u2010fi ultrasound transducers to determine the effects of sedation on intestinal motility in comparison with administration of a placebo (saline). Motility was independently assessed by three observers using deidentified videos obtained using hand\u2010held, wi\u2010fi ultrasound transducers. Agreement was assessed by determination of intraclass correlation coefficient (number of duodenal contractions) and weighted kappa statistic for motility grades.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sedation was associated with fewer duodenal contractions (median 0.5, range 0 to 2) after sedation, compared with administration of saline (median 4, range 3 to 5,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Large colon and composite motility grades were also reduced (median 4.5, range 2 to 6 after sedation; median 10, range 7 to 12, after saline,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005), and qualitative changes were evident in the sonographic appearance of jejunal loops in six of eight horses. Interobserver agreement was moderate to good, and intraobserver agreement was good to excellent.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>POCUS proved to be an effective tool to recognise qualitative and quantitative changes associated with sedation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.70068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T06:45:56Z","timestamp":1774248356000},"page":"298-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Imaging of the equine abdomen using point of care ultrasound (\n                    <scp>POCUS<\/scp>\n                    ): Effects of sedation on intestinal motility in horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"F","family":"Freccero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Padalino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Engineering Southern Cross University  Lismore New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Carstens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences Charles Sturt University  Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SL","family":"Raidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences Charles 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