{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T06:08:50Z","timestamp":1784268530255,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the effectiveness of Ethylene oxide sterilisation (EtO) of commercially available permanent marking pens (Sharpie\u00ae Permanent Marker Fine Point) following repeated clinical use on canine skin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A prospective experimental study was conducted using five permanent marker pens. Each pen was used to draw a 5\u2010cm line on the aseptically prepared skin of 10 client\u2010owned dogs consecutively. Pens were sterilised with EtO at the start of the study and between uses. Culture swabs were collected from pen shafts, tips and caps at 3 time points following 1, 6 then 11 sterilisation cycles (S\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      , S\n                      <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                      and S\n                      <jats:sub>11<\/jats:sub>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bacterial growth was detected from the pen tips immediately after use on the first patient prior to resterilisation (S\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), however, no bacterial or fungal growth was identified on tips, shafts or caps after use on 5 patients and after 6 sterilisation EtO cycles. However, after use on 10 patients and 11 EtO sterilisation cycles, a single colony of\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus capitis<\/jats:italic>\n                      was recovered from the pen shafts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethylene oxide appears to be effective at sterilising commercially available permanent marker pens following repeated use on canine skin. Effective sterilisation was maintained through 6 EtO sterilisation cycles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethylene oxide sterilisation may allow safe reuse of permanent marker pens in veterinary practice, supporting sustainable surgical workflows by reducing clinical waste and associated costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.70115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T05:44:18Z","timestamp":1784267058000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ethylene oxide can effectively sterilise permanent marker pens after repeated use on dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1869-5738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y","family":"Ziea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brisbane Veterinary Specialist Centre  Albany Creek Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6634-7926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u2010L","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Surgery University of Glasgow Small Animal Hospital  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0496-1384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M","family":"Kung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brisbane Veterinary Specialist Centre  Albany Creek Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2202-8082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1370-2856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Referral Hospital  Sinnamon Park Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967118772043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.40007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.15153"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1750458917742049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.214"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","article-title":"Does the type of skin marker prevent marking erasure of surgical\u2010site markings?","volume":"9","author":"Mears SC","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eplasty"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2008.04618.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/003588407X168406"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/003588407X209419"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.88B4.17454"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2009.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.E.00293"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34239\/ajops.88850"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"The Joint Commission.Wrong\u2010site wrong\u2010procedure and wrong\u2010patient surgery. 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