{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:07:03Z","timestamp":1788944823521,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Point\u2010of\u2010care (PoC) antibody (Ab) testing forms an integral component of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) diagnosis in both domestic and non\u2010domestic felids, with test kits designed for use in domestic cats frequently extrapolated for use in their wild counterparts. The SNAP\u00ae FIV\/FeLV Combo lateral flow ELISA is commonly used to assign FIV infection status in wild and captive African lions (\n                    <jats:italic>Panthera leo<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of four other commercially available PoC FIV antibody test kits in African lions held in Australian zoos, when compared to SNAP\u00ae as a quasi\u2010reference test. To first validate the use of SNAP\u00ae, a subset of samples from SNAP\u00ae FIV\u2010positive (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20093) and SNAP\u00ae FIV\u2010negative (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200923) lions were evaluated with Western blotting, with perfect agreement demonstrated (Cohen's kappa coefficient\u2009=\u20091). Forty\u2010eight serum samples from SNAP\u00ae FIV\u2010positive (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200916) and SNAP\u00ae FIV\u2010negative (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200932) lions were then assessed with Anigen Rapid\u00ae, Witness\u00ae, VetScan\u00ae Rapid and SensPERT\u00ae FIV Ab tests. No seropositivity was observed in FIV\u2010infected lion sera using Anigen Rapid\u00ae or Witness\u00ae (Se 0%, Sp 100%), which utilise domestic cat FIV (FIV\u2010Fca) transmembrane glycoprotein gp40 as their capture antigen. In contrast, VetScan\u00ae Rapid, which employs FIV\u2010Fca capsid protein p24 as its capture antigen, demonstrated excellent performance (Se 100%, Sp 96.9%). The presence of p24 as a capture antigen did not guarantee the performance of an assay, as SensPERT\u00ae, which also features p24 as its capture antigen, was significantly less sensitive than VetScan\u00ae Rapid (Se 25%, Sp 100%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Our findings have important implications for captive threatened felids, where timely, accurate diagnosis and careful management are critical for minimising retroviral transmission. We recommend using SNAP\u00ae or VetScan\u00ae Rapid FIV Ab tests for accurate diagnosis of FIV infection in African lions; however, the original VetScan\u00ae Rapid FIV test has been unavailable in Australia since 2019.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.70137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:19:58Z","timestamp":1788941998000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Performance of point\u2010of\u2010care tests for diagnosing feline immunodeficiency virus infection in captive African lions (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Panthera leo<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4715-6590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"SE","family":"Jobbins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7400-1960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ME","family":"Westman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006  Australia"},{"name":"The Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Vinette Herrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taronga Wildlife Hospital, Taronga Zoo  Bradleys Head Rd, Mosman, New South Wales 2088 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Meili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center 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