{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:38:02Z","timestamp":1792809482873,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792713600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018823","name":"Agriculture Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001782","name":"University of Melbourne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Neospora caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a major cause of abortion in cattle worldwide, causing significant economic losses. Despite Victoria's critical role in Australian dairy production, little is known about the local epidemiology of\n                    <jats:italic>N. caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the effectiveness of control measures. This study aimed to evaluate infection dynamics and management strategies in Victorian dairy farms. Field data were collected from five dairy farms in Gippsland, including 1029 cow and calf samples. Vertical, horizontal and colostral transmission were assessed through longitudinal monitoring. Diagnostic performance of PCR and enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared. Deterministic and stochastic epidemiological models were developed and calibrated using local data to simulate infection dynamics and the impact of management strategies, including \u2018Test and Cull\u2019 and testing of replacement animals under varying biosecurity conditions. Prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>N. caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                    was 36.7% in cows, 25.7% in calves and 32.3% overall. Vertical transmission occurred in 43% of calves from infected cows, while horizontal and colostral transmission contributed to 16% of infections in calves from uninfected cows. Longitudinal monitoring revealed 8.3% of previously negative dams seroconverted during gestation. PCR and ELISA showed poor concordance, highlighting their complementary role in surveillance. Model projections indicated rising prevalence under baseline conditions, particularly in closed herds. The \u2018Test and Cull\u2019 strategy consistently reduced prevalence, achieving &lt;15% herd prevalence within 10\u2009years, with further reductions under enhanced biosecurity. Testing replacement animals was effective only in herds sourcing their stock externally.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.70149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:51:08Z","timestamp":1792806668000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidemiological impact of\n                    <i>Neospora caninum<\/i>\n                    in Victorian dairy farms: Modelling effective control strategies"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8041-565X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"PP","family":"de Oliveira Nogueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne  Werribee Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Pacioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research  Heidelberg Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Ramsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research  Heidelberg Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Gunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herd Solutions  East Gippsland Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Hair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herd Solutions  East Gippsland Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LF","family":"Skerratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne  Werribee Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2012.10.022"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Congenital Neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle and associated calfhood mortality","volume":"60","author":"Par\u00e9 J","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009990588"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21423\/bovine-vol1998no32.1p48-51"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2464-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5529987"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00131-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.224.1597"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.06.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2011.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"Agriculture Victoria.Dairy Farm Monitor Annual Report 2023\u201324. Melbourne: Victorian Government.2024.https:\/\/agriculture.vic.gov.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0011\/1062929\/Dairy-Farm-Monitor-annual-report-2023_24.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"60","volume-title":"Clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods","author":"Henry JB","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.07.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.4.1194-1198.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112510"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"SergeantESG.Epitools epidemiological calculators. Melbourne: Ausvet.2018.http:\/\/epitools.ausvet.com.au."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00031-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-018-0601-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v033.i09"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400841035","volume-title":"Modeling infectious diseases in humans and animals","author":"Keeling MJ","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674428928","volume-title":"Catalytic models in epidemiology","author":"Muench H","year":"1959"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0021-8901.2001.00676.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-006-0288-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-43-83"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2025.2506412"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00160-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rvsc.2001.0457"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12834\/vetit.2327.14464.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2006.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2006.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2019.108967"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2014.02.015"}],"container-title":["Australian Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/avj.70149","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/avj.70149","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/avj.70149","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:51:10Z","timestamp":1792806670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/avj.70149"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/avj.70149"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/avj.70149","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-0423","1751-0813"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-0423","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-0813","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"avj.70149"}}