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Recently, reliable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRX<\/jats:styled-content> formulations in intramuscular or implantable polymers that release naltrexone for 1\u20137 months have become available for clinical use and research. This qualitative review of the literature provides an overview of the technologies currently available for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRX<\/jats:styled-content> and their effectiveness in reducing opioid use and other relevant outcomes. The majority of studies indicate that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRX<\/jats:styled-content> is effective in reducing heroin use, and the most frequently studied <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRX<\/jats:styled-content> formulations have acceptable adverse events profiles. Registry data indicate a protective effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRX<\/jats:styled-content> on mortality and morbidity. In some studies, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRX<\/jats:styled-content> also seems to affect other outcomes, such as concomitant substance use, vocational training attendance, needle use, and risk behaviour for blood\u2010borne diseases such as hepatitis or human immunodeficiency virus. There is a general need for more controlled studies, in particular to compare <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRX<\/jats:styled-content> with agonist maintenance treatment, to study combinations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRX<\/jats:styled-content> with behavioural interventions, and to study at\u2010risk groups such as prison inmates or opioid\u2010addicted pregnant patients. 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