{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:53:29Z","timestamp":1788872009661,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,21]],"date-time":"2013-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship in Clinical Science","award":["082178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["082178"]}]},{"name":"a Medical Research Council Methodology Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"\n Aims<\/jats:title>\n \n To investigate whether the use of carbamazepine is associated with reduced risk of\n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n arkinson's disease.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We conducted a population\u2010based, matched case\u2013control study of patients randomly selected from the\n UK G<\/jats:styled-content>\n eneral\n R<\/jats:styled-content>\n esearch\n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n ractice\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n atabase. We identified 8549 patients with Parkinson's disease using diagnosis criteria with a positive predictive value of 90%. These patients were compared with 42\u2009160 control subjects matched for age, sex and general practice.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Overall, 3.0% of cases (257 of 8549) had at least one recorded prescription for carbamazepine compared with 2.5% (1050 of 42\u2009160) of controls. The crude odds ratio for the association between\n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n arkinson's disease and carbamazepine was 1.22 (95% confidence interval 1.06\u20131.40), but this reduced to 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.81\u20131.08,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.34) after adjusting for annual consultation rate. Further adjustment for body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption or use of calcium channel blockers did not affect results. There was no evidence that risk decreased with higher doses or longer duration of carbamazepine use.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n There was little to no evidence that use of carbamazepine is associated with reduced risk of\n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n arkinson's disease. Although the study was underpowered, it does indicate that any effect of carbamazepine is likely to be small.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,21]],"date-time":"2013-02-21T11:38:54Z","timestamp":1361446734000},"page":"816-822","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The association between\n P<\/scp>\n arkinson's disease and anti\u2010epilepsy drug carbamazepine: a case\u2013control study using the\n UK G<\/scp>\n eneral\n P<\/scp>\n ractice\n R<\/scp>\n esearch\n D<\/scp>\n atabase"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"\u00c1ine","family":"Skow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Non\u2010Communicable Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Douglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Non\u2010Communicable Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liam","family":"Smeeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Non\u2010Communicable Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.131045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2008.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.7.4.14393"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2008.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000303818.38960.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.500"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1190354"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200427120-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2009.03537.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/91.6.445"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2008.073312"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000247052.18422.e5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.45.7.577"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10277"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"Case\u2010control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis","author":"Schlesselman JJ","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2005.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.302.6779.766"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp012"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbcp.12100","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bcp.12100","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/bcp.12100","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bcp.12100","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T22:43:44Z","timestamp":1696286624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bcp.12100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,21]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bcp.12100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcp.12100","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-5251","1365-2125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-5251","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2125","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,21]]}}}