{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T00:43:51Z","timestamp":1743727431537},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"Aims<\/jats:title>Electronic healthcare records (EHRs<\/jats:styled-content>) are increasingly used to store clinical information. A secondary benefit of EHRs<\/jats:styled-content> is their use, in an anonymized form, for observational research. The C<\/jats:styled-content>linical P<\/jats:styled-content>ractice R<\/jats:styled-content>esearch D<\/jats:styled-content>atalink (CPRD<\/jats:styled-content>) contains EHRs<\/jats:styled-content> from primary care in the UK<\/jats:styled-content> and, despite 1083 peer\u2010reviewed research publications, has never been used to obtain pharmacogenetic samples. Using a statin\u2010induced myopathy paradigm, we evaluated using the CPRD<\/jats:styled-content> to obtain patient samples for a pharmacogenetic study targeting 250 cases and 500 controls from UK<\/jats:styled-content> general practitioner (GP<\/jats:styled-content>) practices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>The CPRD<\/jats:styled-content> identified potential patients fitting specific case\u2010definition criteria (active rhabdomyolysis or creatine phosphokinase > four times the upper limit of normal), and corresponding GP<\/jats:styled-content> practices were asked to invite patient participation. Consenting patients were requested to provide either saliva or blood samples and to complete an ethnicity questionnaire. Control subjects were recruited from the same GP<\/jats:styled-content> practice (saliva) or a small number of practices (blood). Samples were forwarded for DNA<\/jats:styled-content> extraction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Thirty\u2010six months of recruitment yielded DNA<\/jats:styled-content> samples from 149 statin\u2010induced myopathy cases and 587 tolerant controls. Data show that contacting patients through their GP<\/jats:styled-content> is a reliable method for obtaining samples without compromising anonymity. Saliva collection directly from patients was considerably less effective than blood sampling. After 10 months of recruitment, saliva sampling was suspended in favour of blood sampling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>We demonstrate the potential of EHRs<\/jats:styled-content> for identifying accurately phenotyped cases and controls for pharmacogenetic studies. Recruitment was successful only because of the willingness of GP<\/jats:styled-content> practices to participate and the existence of strong doctor\u2013patient relationships. The present study provides a model that can be implemented in future genetic analyses using EHRs<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,29]],"date-time":"2013-10-29T03:34:39Z","timestamp":1383017679000},"page":"831-838","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Electronic health records for biological sample collection: feasibility study of statin\u2010induced myopathy using the C<\/scp>linical P<\/scp>ractice R<\/scp>esearch D<\/scp>atalink"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Helen","family":"O'Meara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel F.","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Evely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hobbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Practice Research Datalink Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"McCann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Practice Research Datalink Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tjeerd","family":"van Staa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Practice Research Datalink Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency London UK"},{"name":"Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands"},{"name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Munir","family":"Pirmohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.1.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.5.1126"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.3632"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.t01-2-00004.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.13.1681"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2007.03066.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67394-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.12.4424"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-007-0050-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c2197"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-005-5686-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"493","article-title":"Simvastatin and side effects","volume":"104","author":"Scott RS","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0801936"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.04.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2013.161"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.2008.070373"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-10-124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"Sciences AoM.A new pathway for the regulation and governance of health research. 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