{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:45:01Z","timestamp":1787013901288,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,20]],"date-time":"2014-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To report\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ustralian population trends in subsidized prescribed opioid use, total costs to the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ustralian government to subsidize these medicines and opioid\u2010related harms based on hospitalizations and accidental poisoning deaths.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We utilized three national aggregated data sources including dispensing claims from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, opioid\u2010related hospitalizations from the National Hospital Morbidity Database and accidental poisoning deaths from the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ustralian Bureau of Statistics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Between 1992 and 2012, opioid dispensing episodes increased 15\u2010fold (500\u2009000 to 7.5 million) and the corresponding cost to the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ustralian government increased 32\u2010fold ($8.5 million to $271 million). Opioid\u2010related harms also increased. Opioid\u2010related hospitalizations increased from 605 to 1464 cases (1998\u20132009), outnumbering hospitalizations due to heroin poisonings since 2001. Deaths due to accidental poisoning (pharmaceutical opioids and illicit substances combined) increased from 151 to 266 (2002\u20132011), resulting in a rise in the death rate of 0.78 to 1.19 deaths\/100\u2009000 population over 10 years. Death rates increased 1.8 fold in males and 1.4 fold in females.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The striking increase in opioid use and related harms in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ustralia is consistent with trends observed in other jurisdictions. Further, there is no evidence to suggest these increases are plateauing. There is currently limited evidence in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ustralia about individual patterns of opioid use and the associated risk of adverse events. Further research should focus on these important issues so as to provide important evidence supporting effective change in policy and practice.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]],"date-time":"2014-06-24T12:24:28Z","timestamp":1403612668000},"page":"1159-1166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":178,"title":["An overview of the patterns of prescription opioid use, costs and related harms in\n                    <scp>A<\/scp>\n                    ustralia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Bianca","family":"Blanch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmaceutical Policy Research Group Faculty of Pharmacy University of Sydney  A15 \u2013 Pharmacy &amp; Bank Building Sydney NSW 2006 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sallie\u2010Anne","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmaceutical Policy Research Group Faculty of Pharmacy University of Sydney  A15 \u2013 Pharmacy &amp; Bank Building Sydney NSW 2006 Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health University of Sydney  NSW 2006 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Haber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health University of Sydney  NSW 2006 Australia"},{"name":"Drug Health Services Sydney Medical School Royal Prince Alfred Hospital  Sydney NSW 2050 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S47182"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.3.249"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2010\/13\/401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2012\/15\/ES9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2008\/11\/S63"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000337028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"The Royal Australian & New Zealand College of Psychiatrists.Response to the national pharmaceutical drug misuse strategy.2011. Available athttps:\/\/www.ranzcp.org\/Files\/Resources\/Submissions\/sub61\u2010pdf.aspx(last accessed 1 December 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"Pharmaceutical Drug Misuse in Australia: Complex Problems, Balanced Responses","author":"Nicholas R","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(03)00003-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2009.01982.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2000.tb139320.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230600868504"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja10.11450"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1997.tb138759.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2010.029611"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","volume-title":"The ICD\u201010 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders \u2013 Diagnostic Criteria for Research","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.Separation statistics by principal diagnosis in ICD\u201010\u2010AM 1998\u201399 to 2007\u201308.2013. Available athttp:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/hospitals\u2010data\/principal\u2010diagnosis\u2010data\u2010cubes\/(last accessed 1 October 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.Separation statistics by principal diagnosis in ICD\u201010\u2010AM 2008\u201309 to 2009\u201310.http:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/hospitals\u2010data\/principal\u2010diagnosis\u2010data\u2010cubes\/(last accessed 1 October 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000228018.48783.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics.Causes of death Australia 2011. Available athttp:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/AUSSTATS\/abs@.nsf\/DetailsPage\/3303.02011?OpenDocument(last accessed 4 October 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health.PBAC outcomes. Available athttp:\/\/www.pbs.gov.au\/info\/industry\/listing\/elements\/pbac\u2010meetings\/pbac\u2010outcomes(last accessed 10 October 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-013-0115-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2012.00927.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-007-0419-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2013.827660"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics.Characteristics of bodily pain in Australia.2012. Available athttp:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/ausstats\/abs@.nsf\/Lookup\/4841.0Chapter12011(last accessed 14 November 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0b013e328336289c"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230410001704118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2009.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-004-0793-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650701877374"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01133.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f5108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054496"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2011.00292.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.802"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.272"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01260.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02650.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2012.01467.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Vital signs: prescription painkiller overdoses: a growing epidemic especially among women.2013. Available athttp:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vitalsigns\/PrescriptionPainkillerOverdoses\/index.html(last accessed 1 October 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","unstructured":"The National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction.National pharmaceutical drug misuse strategy. Available athttp:\/\/nceta.flinders.edu.au\/society\/projects_and_research\/national\u2010pharmaceutical\u2010drug\u2010misuse\u2010strategy\/(last accessed 1 December 2013)."}],"container-title":["British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbcp.12446","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bcp.12446","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T08:33:39Z","timestamp":1696322019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bcp.12446"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,20]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bcp.12446"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcp.12446","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-5251","1365-2125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-5251","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2125","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,20]]}}}