{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:28:34Z","timestamp":1790166514190,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,7]],"date-time":"2016-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate congenital anomaly (CA)\u2010medication exposure associations produced by the new EUROmediCAT signal detection system and determine which require further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from 15 EUROCAT registries (1995\u20132011) with medication exposures at the chemical substance (5th level of Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical classification) and chemical subgroup (4th level) were analysed using a 50% false detection rate. After excluding antiepileptics, antidiabetics, antiasthmatics and SSRIs\/psycholeptics already under investigation, 27 associations were evaluated. If evidence for a signal persisted after data validation, a literature review was conducted for prior evidence of human teratogenicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirteen out of 27 CA\u2010medication exposure signals, based on 389 exposed cases, passed data validation. There was some prior evidence in the literature to support six signals (gastroschisis and levonorgestrel\/ethinylestradiol (OR 4.10, 95% CI 1.70\u20138.53; congenital heart disease\/pulmonary valve stenosis and nucleoside\/tide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (OR 5.01, 95% CI 1.99\u201314.20\/OR 28.20, 95% CI 4.63\u2013122.24); complete absence of a limb and pregnen (4) derivatives (OR 6.60, 95% CI 1.70\u201322.93); hypospadias and pregnadien derivatives (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.10\u20131.76); hypospadias and synthetic ovulation stimulants (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.28\u20132.70). Antipropulsives produced a signal for syndactyly while the literature revealed a signal for hypospadias. There was no prior evidence to support the remaining six signals involving the ordinary salt combinations, propulsives, bulk\u2010forming laxatives, hydrazinophthalazine derivatives, gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues and selective serotonin agonists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Signals which strengthened prior evidence should be prioritized for further investigation, and independent evidence sought to confirm the remaining signals. Some chance associations are expected and confounding by indication is possible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,30]],"date-time":"2016-03-30T23:28:12Z","timestamp":1459380492000},"page":"1094-1109","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["EUROmediCAT signal detection: an evaluation of selected congenital anomaly\u2010medication associations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Joanne E.","family":"Given","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Maternal, Fetal and Infant Research, Institute of Nursing and Health Research Ulster University  United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Loane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Maternal, Fetal and Infant Research, Institute of Nursing and Health Research Ulster University  United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes M.","family":"Luteijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine Queen Mary University of London  United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan K.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine Queen Mary University of London  United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lolkje T.W.","family":"de Jong van den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy University of Groningen  the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester","family":"Garne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department Hospital Lillebaelt  Kolding Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Claude","family":"Addor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Genetics CHUV  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingeborg","family":"Barisic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Health Children's University Hospital Zagreb  Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermien","family":"de Walle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eurocat Northern Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Gatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Information and Research  Guardamangia Malta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari","family":"Klungsoyr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Birth Registry of Norway, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health and Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen  Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Khoshnood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paris Registry of Congenital Anomalies, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology INSERM U1153, Maternit\u00e9 de Port\u2010Royal  PARIS France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Latos\u2010Bielenska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polish Registry of Congenital Malformations, Department of Medical Genetics  Poznan Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Nelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiene (PIH)  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Neville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMER Registry (Emilia Romagna Registry of Birth Defects), Centre for Clinical and Epidemiological Research University of Ferrara and Azienda Ospedaliero Univerisitarion di Ferrara  Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"O'Mahony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Service Executive  Cork Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Pierini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Health Promotion Macro\u2010Area Working Group, Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CARIS \u2013 Congenital Anomaly Register and Information Service for Wales, Public Health Wales  Swansea United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awi","family":"Wiesel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mainz Model Birth Registry University Children's Hospital Mainz  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Dolk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Maternal, Fetal and Infant Research, Institute of Nursing and Health Research Ulster University  United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Birth Defects Surveillance: Atlas of Selected Congenital Anomalies","author":"WHO\/CDC\/ICBDSR","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"EUROCAT.EUROCAT: European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies[online]. Available at http:\/\/www.eurocat\u2010network.eu\/ (last accessed 18 April 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmp052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Fact sheet No. 370 Congenital anomalies[online]. Available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs370\/en\/ (last accessed 18 April 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Birth defects: report by the Secretariat[online]. Geneva: WHO 2010. Available at http:\/\/apps.who.int\/gb\/ebwha\/pdf_files\/WHA63\/A63_10\u2010en.pdf?ua=1(last accessed 18 April 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199804163381607"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-4520.2008.00189.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2184"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004365"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30313"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098613490780"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics4040607"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199410020-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270004273936"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1C515"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1926"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3233\/JRS-1994-6201","article-title":"Malformation surveillance and maternal drug exposure: the MADRE project","volume":"6","author":"Robert E","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Risk Saf Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"The EU\u2010ADR project: preliminary results and perspective","volume":"148","author":"Trifiro G","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13056"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Use of insulin analogs in pre\u2010gestational diabetes and risk of congenital anomalies","volume":"24","author":"Wang H","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use in first trimester pregnancy and risk of congenital anomalies: a EUROmediCAT case\u2010malformed control study in 12 countries","volume":"24","author":"Boyle B","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.05.043"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Use of topiramate in relation to the risk of orofacial clefts","volume":"24","author":"Wang H","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","unstructured":"EUROCAT Central Registry.EUROCAT Guide 1.1. Instructions for the registration of congenital anomalies[online]. Brussels: EUROCAT 1990. Available athttp:\/\/www.eurocat\u2010network.eu\/content\/EUROCAT\u2010Guide\u20101.1\u20101990.pdf(last accessed 18 April 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"EUROCAT Central Registry.EUROCAT Guide 1.2. Instructions for the registration of congenital anomalies[online]. Newtownabbey: EUROCAT 2002. Available at http:\/\/www.eurocat\u2010network.eu\/content\/EUROCAT\u2010Guide\u20101.2.pdf (last accessed 18 April 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","volume-title":"EUROCAT Guide 1.3 and reference documents. Instructions for the registration and surveillance of congenital anomalies","author":"EUROCAT Central Registry","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for ATC classification and DDD assignment","author":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20780"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","unstructured":"BakkerM deJongeL.EUROCAT Special Report: Sources of Information on Medication Use in Pregnancy[online].Newtownabbey:EUROCAT Central Registry 2014. Available at http:\/\/www.eurocat\u2010network.eu\/content\/Special\u2010Report\u2010Medication\u2010Use\u2010In\u2010Pregnancy.pdf (last accessed 18 April 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","unstructured":"EUROCAT Central Registry.EUROCAT Guide 1.4 and Reference Documents[online].Newtownabbey:EUROCAT 2013. Available at http:\/\/www.eurocat\u2010network.eu\/aboutus\/datacollection\/guidelinesforregistration\/guide1_4 (last accessed 18 April 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","first-page":"S46","article-title":"EUROmediCAT: European surveillance of safety of medication use in pregnancy","volume":"20","author":"Jong\u2010van den Berg LTW","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","unstructured":"EUROmediCAT.Safety of Medication Use in Pregnancy: European Conference Poznan Poland February 2\u20134 2015[online]. Poznan: EUROmediCAT 2015. Available at http:\/\/euromedicat.eu\/content\/EUROmediCAT\u2010Poznan\u2010Conference\u2010Abstract\u2010Book.pdf (last accessed 18 April 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2528"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1761"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02227.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2007.00820.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0800800102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000263620"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181c9fbb3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199606)54:2<84::AID-TERA4>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420450407"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3448"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.11745.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","first-page":"255","article-title":"Hypospadias and maternal intake of progestins and oral contraceptives","volume":"70","author":"Carmichael SL","year":"2004","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res (Part A) Clin Mol Teratol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Study of the incidence of hypospadias in Rochester, Minnesota, 1940\u201370, and a case\u2010control comparison of possible etiologic factors","volume":"1","author":"Sweet RA","year":"1974","journal-title":"Proceedings, Mayo Clin."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00144810"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)90762-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91398-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)91455-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197701132960202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6068.1058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1975.10666626"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)92877-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420490302"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20184"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3233\/JRS-1992-3402","article-title":"Hormone therapy during pregnancy and isolated hypospadias: an international case\u2010control study","volume":"3","author":"K\u00e4ll\u00e9n BAJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Risk Saf Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.159.10.957"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","first-page":"472","article-title":"clomiphene and hypospadias: the necessity to investigate on a detailed level","volume":"3","author":"Meijer WM","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20243"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","first-page":"S74","article-title":"Association between clomiphene treatment and congenital anomalies","volume":"14","author":"Meijer W","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38326.606979.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","unstructured":"GhassanA\u2010Q BassamA\u2010N GhaziA\u2010S EqabA\u2010M ElenaA\u2010Q.Hypospadias: does the usage of Clomiphene citrate influence the incidence?Middle East Journal of Family Medicine2006. Available athttp:\/\/www.mejfm.com\/Newarchives2013\/Hypospadias.htm(last accessed 18 April 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","unstructured":"UK Teratology Information Service.Exposure to oral contraceptives in pregnancy[online]. TOXBASE 2014. Available at http:\/\/www.toxbase.org\/upload\/Pregnancy pdfs\/Oral_Contraceptives_2014.pdf (last accessed 22 August 2014)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq313"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1008095"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.02.092"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","first-page":"1034","article-title":"Zidovudine use in pregnancy: a report on 104 cases and the occurrence of birth defects","volume":"7","author":"Kumar RM","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.00718.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10234.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.2.581"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2000.00003.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-013-9831-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2001.111006351.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12375"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11590370-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2004.00929.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2010.01619.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2012.02207.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2010.227"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5931"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmt006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.03.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a135910"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)01524-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)57557-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2000.00127.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-34469"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2012.734871"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_1","first-page":"100","article-title":"Safety of cisapride use during pregnancy: a prospective controlled cohort study","volume":"55","author":"Addis A","year":"1997","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018898707449"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.22865"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.278343"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807154"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/jms.2010.010050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-015-0321-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-15-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-4520.2001.tb00869.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_103_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cradles of signals for pharmacovigilance process","volume":"3","author":"Garlapati S","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pharmacovigil"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-4520.2010.00290.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1981.03320040015021","article-title":"First\u2010trimester drug use and congenital disorders","volume":"246","author":"Jick H","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2000\/957649"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_107_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Teratological surveillance of oral contraceptive use in early pregnancy","volume":"12","author":"Czeizel AE","year":"1996","journal-title":"Adv Contracept Deliv Syst"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_108_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.The effect of female sex hormones on fetal development and infant health[online]. World Health Organization technical report series 1981;1\u201376. Available at http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/6785928 (last accessed 18 April 2016)."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_109_1","first-page":"552","article-title":"Oral contraception and congenital malformations in offspring: a review and meta\u2010analysis of the prospective studies","volume":"76","author":"Bracken MB","year":"1990","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1980.tb05001.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1982.tb03657.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199801)57:1<1::AID-TERA1>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.42.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(94)00341-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-006-9067-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2009.04.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_117_1","first-page":"1436","article-title":"Orientering om en undersokelse over arsaken till en registrert oking av misdannelser i urin\u2010og kjonnsorganer","volume":"95","author":"Bjerkedal T","year":"1975","journal-title":"Tidskr Nor Laegefor"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420510105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(82)90039-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420270109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)48490-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_122_1","first-page":"775","article-title":"Teratogenicity of progestogens given during the first trimester of pregnancy","volume":"65","author":"Katz Z","year":"1985","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3128","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03370220090033","article-title":"Exogenous sex hormone exposure and the risk for major malformations","volume":"255","author":"Lammer EJ","year":"1986","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_124_1","volume-title":"Birth Defects and Drugs in Pregnancy","author":"Heinonen OP","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420380206"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-4520.2006.00128.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.159.10.957"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_129_1","first-page":"S337","article-title":"Does progesterone administration increase the incidence of neonatal hypospadias?","volume":"86","author":"Baeka K","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)43389-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112701"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2008.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2005.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2009.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2009.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)57905-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.900"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20313"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_139_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"A comparative epidemiologic evaluation of risk factors for hypoplastic left heart syndrome, aortic stenosis, and coarctation of the aorta","volume":"53","author":"Loffredo CA","year":"1996","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181c5c81f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000156854.99769.a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318235c7aa"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12285"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001635"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181e74a2f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_146_1","unstructured":"Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry Steering Committee.Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry International Interim Report for 1 January 1989 through 31 July 2011 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200007010-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm.2010.139"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31802e2229"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbcp.12947","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbcp.12947","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bcp.12947","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/bcp.12947","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bcp.12947","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T02:55:23Z","timestamp":1696301723000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bcp.12947"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,7]]},"references-count":148,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bcp.12947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcp.12947","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-5251","1365-2125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-5251","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2125","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,7]]}}}