{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T00:57:52Z","timestamp":1768006672884,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]],"date-time":"2016-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the present study was to describe the occurrence and determinants of angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (ACEI) intolerance and angioedema (AE) among patients initiating ACEI therapy in a real\u2010world primary care population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two nested case\u2013control studies were conducted in a cohort of 276\u2009977 patients aged \u226545\u00a0years initiating ACEIs from 2007 to 2014 in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Cases of AE occurring for the first time during ACEI therapy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 416) were matched with AE\u2010free controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4335) on the duration of ACEI treatment. Documented switches to angiotensin\u2010II receptor blockers in the prescription records were used to identify ACEI\u2010intolerance cases (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 24\u2009709), and these were matched with continuous ACEI users (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 84\u2009238) on the duration of ACEI therapy. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess the associations of demographic factors, comorbidities and comedication with AE and ACEI intolerance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>AE during ACEI therapy was associated with age over 65\u00a0years [odds ratio (OR) 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07, 1.73], history of allergy (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.19, 1.96), use of calcium channel blockers (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.23; 2.01), use of antihistamines (OR 21.25, 95% CI 16.44, 27.46) and use of systemic corticosteroids (OR 4.52, 95% CI 3.26, 6.27). ACEI intolerance was significantly associated with more comorbidities and comedication compared with AE, including allergy (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.96, 2.09), use of antiasthmatic drugs (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.42, 1.61) and use of antihistamines (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.43, 1.63).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among ACEI users developing AE or ACEI intolerance, several comorbidities and comedication classes were significantly more prevalent compared with ACEI users not developing these adverse reactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,15]],"date-time":"2016-08-15T08:36:36Z","timestamp":1471250196000},"page":"1647-1659","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Determinants of angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) intolerance and angioedema in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Seyed Hamidreza","family":"Mahmoudpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology Utrecht University  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina Vitalievna","family":"Baranova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology Utrecht University  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick C.","family":"Souverein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology Utrecht University  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Folkert W.","family":"Asselbergs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs University Medical Centre Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research ICIN\u2010Netherlands Heart Institute  Utrecht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science, faculty of Population Health Sciences University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthonius","family":"de Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology Utrecht University  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anke Hilse","family":"Maitland\u2010van der Zee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology Utrecht University  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the PREDICTION\u2010ADR consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13354"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13348"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489414543069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"National Statistics Prescriptions Dispensed in the Community Statistics for England \u2013 2004\u20132014 [online]. 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