{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:52:18Z","timestamp":1790401938504,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]],"date-time":"2016-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Netazepide, a gastrin\/cholecystokinin 2 receptor antagonist, once daily for 12\u00a0weeks reduced the number of tumours and size of the largest one in 16 patients with autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), achlorhydria, hypergastrinaemia and multiple gastric neuroendocrine tumours (type 1 gastric NETs), and normalized circulating chromogranin A (CgA) produced by enterochromaffin\u2010like cells, the source of the tumours. The aim was to assess whether longer\u2010term netazepide treatment can eradicate type 1 gastric NETs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After a mean 14\u00a0months off netazepide, 13 of the 16 patients took it for another 52\u00a0weeks. Assessments were: gastroscopy; gene\u2010transcript expression in corpus biopsies using quantitative polymerase chain reaction; blood CgA and gastrin concentrations; and safety assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While off\u2010treatment, the number of tumours, the size of the largest one, and CgA all increased again. Netazepide for 52\u00a0weeks: cleared all tumours in 5 patients; cleared all but one tumour in one patient; reduced the number of tumours and size of the largest one in the other patients; normalized CgA in all patients; and reduced mRNA abundances of CgA and histidine decarboxylase in biopsies. Gastrin did not increase further, confirming that the patients had achlorhydria. Netazepide was safe and well tolerated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A gastrin\/cholecystokinin 2 receptor antagonist is a potential medical and targeted treatment for type 1 gastric NETs, and an alternative to regular gastroscopy or surgery. Treatment should be continuous because the tumours will regrow if it is stopped. Progress can be monitored by CgA in blood or biomarkers in mucosal biopsies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T11:50:23Z","timestamp":1476273023000},"page":"466-475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Netazepide, a gastrin\/cholecystokinin\u20102 receptor antagonist, can eradicate gastric neuroendocrine tumours in patients with autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Malcolm","family":"Boyce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hammersmith Medicines Research  Cumberland Avenue London NW10 7EW UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool  Crown Street Liverpool L69 3GE UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liv","family":"Sagatun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Olav's Hospital, and the Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryony N.","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool  Crown Street Liverpool L69 3GE UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Varro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool  Crown Street Liverpool L69 3GE UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust  Liverpool L7 8XP UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reidar","family":"Fossmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Olav's Hospital, and the Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helge L.","family":"Waldum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Olav's Hospital, and the Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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