{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:10:18Z","timestamp":1790003418574,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]],"date-time":"2017-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Salbutamol is usually administered as a racemic mixture but little is known about the enantioselectivity of salbutamol pharmacokinetics in the lung. This study was designed to investigate enantiomer concentrations in lung tissue after inhaled dosing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Horses (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012) received racemic salbutamol 1000 \u03bcg via inhalation. Enantioselective ultra performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine salbutamol concentrations in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) sampled 2, 5, 10 and 15\u00a0min after administration, in central lung (endoscopic bronchial biopsy) and peripheral lung (percutaneous pulmonary biopsy) tissues (at 20 and 25\u00a0min respectively), and in plasma samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a095% confidence interval (CI) yield of PELF was 57\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010\u00a0mg. Initial mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a095%CI (R)\u2010 and (S)\u2010salbutamol PELF concentrations were 389\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0189\u00a0ng\u00a0g<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> and 378\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0177\u00a0ng\u00a0g<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> respectively, and both reduced approximately 50% by 15\u00a0min. Mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a095%CI central lung levels of drug were higher than peripheral lung tissue for both (R)\u2010salbutamol (875\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0945 <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 49.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012\u00a0ng\u00a0g<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>) and (S)\u2010salbutamol (877\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0955 <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 50.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012\u00a0ng\u00a0g<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>) respectively. There was no evidence of enantioselectivity in PELF or central lung but minor (~2%) enantioselectivity was observed in the peripheral lung. Enantioselectivity was clearly evident in plasma with (S):(R) ratio of 1.25 and 1.14 for both area under the concentration\u2013time curve (0\u201325\u00a0min) and C<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PELF sampling in horses offers sufficient yield allowing direct detection of drug and, combined with tissue sampling, is a valuable model to investigate bronchopulmonary pharmacokinetics. Salbutamol did not demonstrate enantioselectivity in PELF or central lung tissue uptake following acute dosing, however, enantioselective plasma concentrations were demonstrated, with minor enantioselectivity in the peripheral lung.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,6]],"date-time":"2017-01-06T19:00:08Z","timestamp":1483729208000},"page":"1436-1445","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Bronchopulmonary pharmacokinetics of (R)\u2010salbutamol and (S)\u2010salbutamol enantiomers in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid and lung tissue of horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Glenn A.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Tasmania  Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharanne","family":"Raidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and 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