{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T08:31:21Z","timestamp":1790238681841,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]],"date-time":"2017-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tropicamide is a mydriatic drug used as eye\u2010drops for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. From 2013, a diverted use by intravenous route has been suspected in Eastern Europe in opioids users. To date, no signal of misuse has been identified in France. The aims of this study were to investigate any early signals of a diverted use of tropicamide eye drops and to collect information regarding motives for the misuse and tropicamide\u2010induced effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Information was obtained at three levels: (1) at regional level (Midi\u2010Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es area), from reimbursement data and pharmacists\u2019 reports on suspicious requests; (2) at national level: from reimbursement data and prescriptions suggesting possible abuse from the OSIAP (Ordonnances Suspectes, Indicateur d'Abus Possible) survey; and (3) at international level: from VigiBase<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> reports and Web sources. Beta\u2010blocker eye\u2010drops were used as comparators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In France, in 2014\u20132015, 17 (0.91%, 95% CI [0.53\u20131.46%]) falsified prescriptions involving tropicamide were identified in the OSIAP survey (compared with 0%, 95% CI [0\u20130.19%] for beta\u2010blockers). Moreover, 37 other suspicious prescriptions were presented in 2015 (notified in 2016). In Midi\u2010Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, seven patients aged 35\u201349 were reimbursed for 19\u201345 vials of 10\u00a0ml, in a year. Since September 2014, the regional Addictovigilance Centre has received 91 notifications of suspicious requests to obtain tropicamide. In VigiBase<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, two cases were identified but none in France. An increased interest in tropicamide\u2010related Internet searches was observed from Russia and Ukraine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results represent the first early warnings of a tropicamide diverted use in France. Tropicamide abusers would seek euphoria or hallucinations. The high doses involved in intravenous administration could lead to serious complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]],"date-time":"2017-02-27T07:24:11Z","timestamp":1488180251000},"page":"1791-1800","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Early signal of diverted use of tropicamide eye drops in France"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Camille","family":"Pont\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEIP\u2010Addictovigilance, Service de Pharmacologie M\u00e9dicale et Clinique UMR1027 Inserm\u2010Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier Toulouse III  37 all\u00e9es Jules Guesde 31000 Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Pi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la Sant\u00e9 Publique, P\u00f4le Alertes, Risques et Vigilances ARS Languedoc\u2010Roussillon\u2010Midi\u2010Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es  26\u201328 Parc club du Mill\u00e9naire, 1 025, rue Henri Becquerel CS 30001, 34067 Montpellier Cedex 2 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5660-9224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurore","family":"Palmaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEIP\u2010Addictovigilance, Service de Pharmacologie M\u00e9dicale et Clinique UMR1027 Inserm\u2010Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier Toulouse III  37 all\u00e9es Jules Guesde 31000 Toulouse France"},{"name":"Service de Pharmacologie M\u00e9dicale et Clinique CHU Toulouse  Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Jouanjus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEIP\u2010Addictovigilance, Service de Pharmacologie M\u00e9dicale et Clinique UMR1027 Inserm\u2010Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier Toulouse III  37 all\u00e9es Jules Guesde 31000 Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5494-5873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryse","family":"Lapeyre\u2010Mestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEIP\u2010Addictovigilance, Service de Pharmacologie M\u00e9dicale et Clinique UMR1027 Inserm\u2010Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier Toulouse III  37 all\u00e9es Jules Guesde 31000 Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the French Addictovigilance Network","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13348"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.51.7.928"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2010.03633.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"Agence Nationale de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 du M\u00e9dicament et des Produits de Sant\u00e9 (ANSM).Mercalm nausicalm (dim\u00e9nhydrinate) nautamine (diph\u00e9nhydramine): risque d'abus et d'usage d\u00e9tourn\u00e9 \u2013 point d'information [online]. Available at:http:\/\/www.ansm.sante.fr\/S\u2010informer\/Points\u2010d\u2010information\u2010Points\u2010d\u2010information\/Mercalm\u2010Nausicalm\u2010dimenhydrinate\u2010Nautamine\u2010diphenhydramine\u2010Risque\u2010d\u2010abus\u2010et\u2010d\u2010usage\u2010detourne\u2010Point\u2010d\u2010information(last accessed 16 June 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2008.01.070071"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-198802000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"Agence Nationale de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 du M\u00e9dicament et des Produits de Sant\u00e9 (ANSM).R\u00e9sum\u00e9 des caract\u00e9ristiques du produit \u2013 tropicamide [online]. Available at:http:\/\/agence\u2010prd.ansm.sante.fr\/php\/ecodex\/rcp\/R0203344.htm(last accessed 6 June 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0047-20852010000100012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"Dipartimento Politiche Antidroga.Activity report \u2013 National Early Warning System (NEWS) \u2013 Italian focal point 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.European Drug Report 2014: trends and developments 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2515\/therapie\/2015011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200730030-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","unstructured":"Etalab.Open Medic: base compl\u00e8te sur les d\u00e9penses de m\u00e9dicaments interr\u00e9gimes [online]. Available from:https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/fr\/datasets\/open\u2010medic\u2010base\u2010complete\u2010sur\u2010les\u2010depenses\u2010de\u2010medicaments\u2010interregimes\/(last accessed 17 August 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109583"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","unstructured":"The Independent.The squalid lonely death of Ivan Kanev [online]. Available at:http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/the\u2010squalid\u2010lonely\u2010death\u2010of\u2010ivan\u2010kanev\u20102341191.html(last accessed 22 June 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","unstructured":"Bluelight.Tropicamide abuse in Russia [online]. Available at:http:\/\/www.bluelight.org\/vb\/threads\/590423\u2010Tropicamide\u2010abuse\u2010in\u2010Russia(last accessed 4 July 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","unstructured":"Psychonaut.com.Krokodil [online]. Available at:http:\/\/www.psychonaut.com\/sintetici\/43462\u2010krokodil.html(last accessed 4 July 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","unstructured":"Drugs Forum.Injecting \u2013 shooting tropicamide (yes the eye drops) [online]. Available at:https:\/\/drugs\u2010forum.com\/forum\/showthread.php?t=277572(last accessed 5 July 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1975.01010020446011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199205143262015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e3181dd4f90"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Cyclopentolate use disorder: a case report of intranasal misuse","volume":"16","author":"G\u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc Y","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k Derg \u2013 J Depend"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e31828da20e"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2014.924465"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Analysis of clinical characteristics of non\u2010medical use of tropicamide by drug addicts in the Republic of Kazakhstan","volume":"2","author":"Prilutskaya M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Sci J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.162371899"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.08.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-013-0111-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000355268"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-013-1578-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-016-0421-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-016-0359-y"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbcp.13272","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bcp.13272","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T13:55:22Z","timestamp":1694354122000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bcp.13272"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bcp.13272"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcp.13272","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-5251","1365-2125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-5251","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2125","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]]}}}