{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:47:17Z","timestamp":1790819237526,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"R\u00e9seau Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois de recherche sur l'usage des m\u00e9dicaments"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Few studies have investigated the link between individual antibiotics and major congenital malformations (MCMs) including specific malformations owing to small sample size. We aimed to quantify the association between exposure to gestational antibiotic and the risk of MCMs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the Quebec pregnancy cohort (1998\u20132008), we included a total of 139\u2009938 liveborn singleton alive whose mothers were covered by the \u201cR\u00e9gie de l'assurance maladie du Qu\u00e9bec\u201d drug plan for at least 12 months before and during pregnancy. Antibiotic exposure was assessed in the first trimester and MCMs were identified within the first year of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After adjusting for potential confounders, clindamycin exposure was associated with an increased risk of MCMs (aOR 1.34, 95% CI 1.02\u20131.77, 60 exposed cases), musculoskeletal system malformations (aOR 1.67, 95% CI 1.12\u20132.48, 29 exposed cases) and ventricular\/atrial septal defect (aOR 1.81, 95% CI 1.04\u20133.16, 13 exposed cases). Doxycycline exposure increased the risk of circulatory system malformation, cardiac malformations and ventricular\/atrial septal defect (aOR 2.38, 95% CI 1.21\u20134.67, 9 exposed cases; aOR 2.46, 95% CI 1.21\u20134.99, 8 exposed cases; aOR 3.19, 95% CI 1.57\u20136.48, 8 exposed cases, respectively). Additional associations were seen with quinolone (1 defect), moxifloxacin (1 defect), ofloxacin (1 defect), macrolide (1 defect), erythromycin (1 defect) and phenoxymethylpenicillin (1 defect). No link was observed with amoxicillin, cephalosporins and nitrofurantoin. Similar results were found when penicillins were used as the comparator group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clindamycin, doxycycline, quinolones, macrolides and phenoxymethylpenicillin\n                      <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>\n                      exposure were linked to organ\u2010specific malformations. Amoxicillin, cephalosporins and nitrofurantoin were not associated with MCMs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,19]],"date-time":"2017-07-19T07:51:49Z","timestamp":1500450709000},"page":"2557-2571","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Use of antibiotics during pregnancy and the risk of major congenital malformations: a population based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Flory T.","family":"Muanda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy University of Montreal  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Research Center CHU Sainte\u2010Justine  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odile","family":"Sheehy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center CHU Sainte\u2010Justine  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7535-5517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anick","family":"B\u00e9rard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy University of Montreal  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Research Center CHU Sainte\u2010Justine  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000982"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"e460","article-title":"Trends in anti\u2010infective drugs use in pregnancy","volume":"19","author":"Santos F","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"323","article-title":"Pathogenesis of quinolone\u2010induced arthropathy: a review of hypotheses","volume":"7","author":"Maslanka T","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pol J Vet Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"849","article-title":"Effects of tetracyclines on skeletal growth and dentition. 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