{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T03:52:10Z","timestamp":1777434730706,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]],"date-time":"2018-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 103\u20102314\u2010B\u2010002 \u2010037 and MOST 104\u20102314\u2010B\u2010002 \u2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 103\u20102314\u2010B\u2010002 \u2010037 and MOST 104\u20102314\u2010B\u2010002 \u2010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies have suggested that nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be associated with higher cardiovascular risks. However, few have been active comparison studies that directly assessed the potential differential cardiovascular risk between NSAID classes or across individual NSAIDs. We compared the risk of major cardiovascular events between cyclooxygenase 2 (COX\u20102)\u2010selective and nonselective NSAIDs in patients with hypertension.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a cohort study of patients with hypertension who initiated COX\u20102\u2010selective or nonselective NSAIDs in a population\u2010based Taiwanese database. The outcomes included hospitalization for the following major cardiovascular events: ischaemic stroke, acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, transient ischaemic attack, unstable angina or coronary revascularization. We followed patients for up to 4\u00a0weeks, based on the as\u2010treated principle. We used inverse probability weighting to control for baseline and time\u2010varying covariates, and estimated the on\u2010treatment hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% conservative confidence interval (CIs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 2749 eligible COX\u20102\u2010selective NSAID users and 52\u2009880 eligible nonselective NSAID users. The HR of major cardiovascular events comparing COX\u20102\u2010selective with nonselective NSAIDs after adjusting for baseline and time\u2010varying covariates was 1.07 (95% CI 0.65, 1.74). We did not observe a differential risk when comparing celecoxib to diclofenac (HR 1.17; 95% CI 0.61, 2.25), ibuprofen (HR 1.36; 95% CI 0.58, 3.18) or naproxen (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.23, 2.44). There was an increased risk with COX\u20102\u2010selective NSAIDs, however, when comparing COX\u20102\u2010selective NSAIDs with mefenamic acid (HR 2.11; 95% CI 1.09, 4.09).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results provide important information about the comparative cardiovascular safety of NSAIDs in patients with hypertension.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,22]],"date-time":"2018-02-22T05:02:43Z","timestamp":1519275763000},"page":"1045-1056","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comparative cardiovascular safety of nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs in patients with hypertension: a population\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0748-7993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaa\u2010Hui","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of 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