{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:09:33Z","timestamp":1790467773679,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]],"date-time":"2018-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"the R\u00e9seau Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois de recherche sur l\u2019usage des m\u00e9dicaments"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data available on the fetal safety of trimethoprim\u2013sulfamethoxazole (TMP\u2010SMX) exposure during pregnancy remains scarce and inconclusive. A previous study assessing the link between TMP\u2010SMX exposure during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous abortion (SA) did not control for protopathic bias and indication bias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a nested control study (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a077\u2009429 pregnancies including 7039 cases of SA and 70\u2009390 controls) within the Quebec Pregnancy Cohort. For each case of SA, we selected 10 controls at the index date that were matched on gestational age and year of pregnancy. TMP\u2010SMX exposure was defined as either having filled at least one prescription between the first day of gestation (1DG) and the index date, or as having filled a prescription before pregnancy but with a duration overlapping the 1DG (102 pregnancies exposed to TMP\u2010SMX, including 25 cases of SA and 77 controls).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adjusting for potential confounders, TMP\u2010SMX exposure was associated with an increased risk of SA (AOR 2.94, 95% C 1.89\u20134.57, 25 exposed cases). Similar results were found after controlling for indication bias and protopathic bias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given that this drug is widely use in HIV patients to prevent opportunistic infections and malaria, there is an urgent need to identify potential data sources in Africa for analysis of early pregnancy exposure to TMP\u2010SMX.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]],"date-time":"2018-02-09T01:46:38Z","timestamp":1518140798000},"page":"1198-1205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Use of trimethoprim\u2013sulfamethoxazole during pregnancy and risk of spontaneous abortion: a nested case control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Flory T.","family":"Muanda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy University of Montreal  2900 Edouard Montpetit Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada H3T 1J4"},{"name":"Research Center CHU Sainte\u2010Justine  3175, C\u00f4te\u2010Sainte\u2010Catherine Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada H3T 1C5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odile","family":"Sheehy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center CHU Sainte\u2010Justine  3175, C\u00f4te\u2010Sainte\u2010Catherine Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada H3T 1C5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7535-5517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anick","family":"B\u00e9rard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy University of Montreal  2900 Edouard Montpetit Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada H3T 1J4"},{"name":"Research Center CHU Sainte\u2010Justine  3175, C\u00f4te\u2010Sainte\u2010Catherine Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada H3T 1C5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)71011-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000211"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: recommendations for a public health approach 2006. 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