{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T14:28:02Z","timestamp":1776954482625,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]],"date-time":"2018-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007388","name":"Compagnia di San Paolo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ROL9849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ROL9849"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007388","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anti\u2010CD20 antibodies are increasingly being used to treat idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in children. While they may allow steroid and calcineurin inhibitor withdrawal, repeated infusions of anti\u2010CD20 antibodies are often required to maintain remission. Data on their potential toxicity in INS are needed, to consider repeated infusions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the side effects associated with the use of rituximab (a chimeric antibody; 130 patients) and ofatumumab (a humanized antibody; 37 patients) in children with INS (steroid\u2010dependent and steroid\/calcineurin inhibitor\u2010dependent disease) treated at a national referral centre over a 9\u2010year period (400 treatments; follow\u2010up 1\u20139\u00a0years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infusion reactions were mainly absent in children with steroid\u2010dependent disease. Rash, dyspnoea, fever, cough and itchy throat (5% and 18% following rituximab and ofatumumab infusion, respectively) were resolved by using premedication with salbutamol. Other short\u2010term reactions (up to 3\u00a0months), including arthritis (2%) and lung injury (1%), were more common with rituximab. Infections were observed 3\u20139\u00a0months following infusion, were similarly common in the two groups and resolved with targeted therapies [antibiotic, fluconazole, immunoglobulins (Igs), etc.]. The number of circulating CD19\/20 cells fell to 0 at month 1 and were reconstituted at month 3; circulating IgG antibodies remained within the normal range for 1\u00a0year. Tetanus and hepatitis B virus immunization was not modified by either treatment; Epstein\u2013Barr virus and John Cunningham virus activation markers were occasionally observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, the toxicity of anti\u2010CD20 monoclonal antibodies was limited to post\u2010infusion side effects in children with more complex disease. The relatively safe profile of anti\u2010CD20 antibodies supports their use as steroid\u2010sparing agents in children with INS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]],"date-time":"2018-02-13T10:06:40Z","timestamp":1518516400000},"page":"1238-1249","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Adverse events linked with the use of chimeric and humanized anti\u2010CD20 antibodies in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Alice","family":"Bonanni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5 Genoa 16148 Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Calatroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dialysis and Transplantation Policlinico IRCCS Fondazione San Matteo and University of Pavia Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"D'Alessandro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5 Genoa 16148 Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Signa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5 Genoa 16148 Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrica","family":"Bertelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5 Genoa 16148 Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Cioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eddi","family":"Di Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine Istituto Giannina Gaslini Largo G. 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