{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T19:34:45Z","timestamp":1783971285498,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,3]],"date-time":"2018-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008363","name":"The Danish Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R90-A6066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R90-A6066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008363","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Up to 50\u2010fold higher levels of urinary phthalate metabolites have been observed in users of phthalate\u2010containing drug products compared with non\u2010users. This is of concern, as phthalates are suspected endocrine disrupters and have been associated with cancer development. This study aims to quantify annual cumulated phthalate exposure from drug products among users of phthalate\u2010containing oral medications in Denmark throughout the period of 2004\u20132016.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a Danish nationwide cohort study using The Danish National Prescription Registry and an internal database held by The Danish Medicines Agency. These databases hold information on drug products; date of dispensing, and the type and quantity of excipients in drugs with Danish marketing permission. We present the number of users over time and their distribution of exposure to enteric phthalate polymers and ortho\u2010phthalates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The annual number of individuals exposed to phthalate\u2010containing products declined during 2004\u20132016. The total number of individuals exposed to dibutyl phthalate declined from 21\u2009499 in 2004 to 5400 in 2016. However, among those exposed, the median dibutyl phthalate exposure remained above European regulatory limit of exposure ranging between 380\u20131710\u00a0mg\/year throughout the study period. Lithium\u2010products constituted the majority of dibutyl phthalate exposure. Diethyl phthalate exposure, mainly caused by erythromycin, theophylline and diclofenac products, did not exceed the EMA regulatory limit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>While the number of individuals exposed to phthalates from oral medications during 2004\u20132016 declined, the use of phthalate\u2010containing drugs is still considerable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]],"date-time":"2018-04-24T12:50:06Z","timestamp":1524574206000},"page":"1798-1805","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Cumulative exposure to phthalates from phthalate\u2010containing drug products: a Danish population\u2010wide study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6508-0107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zandra Nymand","family":"Ennis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology Odense University Hospital  Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Broe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark  Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9314-5679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Potteg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark  Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Ahern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont  USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesper","family":"Hallas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology Odense University Hospital  Denmark"},{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark  Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0591-7187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per","family":"Damkier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology Odense University Hospital  Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark  Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11766"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Consumer Product Safety Commission.Toxicity review for Di\u2010n\u2010butyl phthalate [internet]. 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