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Although the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients with renal impairment is well\u2010documented, over recent years it has become apparent that exposure to GBCAs can potentially result in gadolinium deposition within human bone and brain tissue even in the presence of normal renal function. This review will address some of the controversies surrounding the safety of GBCA administration based on evidence from <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> experiments, animal studies and clinical studies. We additionally evaluate the potential risk of toxicity from exposure to gadolinium in light of new guidance published by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency, and discuss whether gadolinium deposition disease exists as a <jats:italic>new<\/jats:italic> diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,22]],"date-time":"2018-07-22T22:58:40Z","timestamp":1532300320000},"page":"2522-2534","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["Gadolinium deposition and the potential for toxicological sequelae \u2013 A literature review of issues surrounding gadolinium\u2010based contrast agents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4740-0664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerry A.","family":"Layne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Toxicology Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul I.","family":"Dargan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Toxicology Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R. 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