{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T16:34:14Z","timestamp":1789749254139,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications","award":["11\/1601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11\/1601"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study assessed the acute effects of methadone and buprenorphine on actual on\u2010road driving performance and neurocognitive function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Methadone (5 and 10\u00a0mg per os) and buprenorphine (0.2 and 0.4\u00a0mg sublingual) were administered to 22 healthy volunteers in a five\u2010way, double\u2010blind, randomized, placebo\u2010controlled, double\u2010dummy, cross\u2010over study. Driving performance was assessed with an on\u2010road driving test. The primary outcome measure was standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP), a measure of road tracking control. Laboratory tests were used to measure cognitive function (e.g. reaction time and attention) and questionnaires were used to assess subjective measures of mood and sedation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was no significant main effect of treatment on SDLP. Yet, analysis of individual drug\u2010placebo contrast data revealed that buprenorphine 0.4\u00a0mg significantly increased SDLP. Driving impairment was mild and below the impairment threshold of a blood alcohol concentration of 0.5\u00a0mg\u00a0ml\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Four participants stopped their driving test while under the influence of either opioid due to sleepiness. Both opioids produced impairments of cognitive task performance and increased sleepiness particularly at the highest dose.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analgesic doses of buprenorphine produced mild impairing effects on driving and related cognitive skills, while methadone impaired cognitive task performance but not driving performance. Large individual variations were observed for both drugs. Patients should be informed about the possibility of driving impairment when initiating opioid treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]],"date-time":"2018-12-05T00:01:32Z","timestamp":1543968092000},"page":"442-453","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A clinical trial on the acute effects of methadone and buprenorphine on actual driving and cognitive function of healthy volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3964-7982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maren Cecilie","family":"Strand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Sciences Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"},{"name":"University of Oslo Institute of Clinical Medicine Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience University of Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vigdis","family":"Vindenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Sciences Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"},{"name":"University of Oslo Institute of Clinical Medicine Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hallvard","family":"Gjerde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Sciences Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rg Gustav","family":"M\u00f8rland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oslo Institute of Clinical Medicine Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Division of Health Data and Digitalization Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes G.","family":"Ramaekers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience University of Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"International Narcotics Control Board Supply of opiate raw materials and demand for opiates for medical and scientific purposes. 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