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A first study showed acceptable safety and tolerability in a single ascending dose administration in healthy volunteers and a single dose administration in haemodialysis (HD) patients. This study aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics\/pharmacodynamics relationship of intravenous SNF472 in HD patients in a multiple ascending dose administration trial with 5 doses tested for 1 week (3 administrations) and 1 dose tested for 4 weeks (12 administrations).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This double blind, randomized, placebo\u2010controlled Phase 1b study investigated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SNF472 after repeated administrations to HD patients for up to 28\u00a0days. A pharmacodynamic assessment was performed to evaluate the potential for SNF472 to inhibit hydroxyapatite (HAP) formation. Patients were grouped into 2 cohorts, receiving multiple ascending doses for 1 week (1 to 20\u00a0mg\/kg, Cohort 1) and 1 dose of 10\u00a0mg\/kg for 4\u00a0weeks (Cohort 2) of intravenous SNF472.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Physical status, body weight, cardiorespiratory function, body temperature and laboratory parameters were in the normal range. No clinically relevant effects on heart rate or blood pressure were observed. No abnormal electrocardiogram or QTcB period were reported. The peak plasma concentration (7.6, 16.1, 46.0 and 66.9\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL for 3, 5, 12.5 and 20\u00a0mg\/kg, respectively) was observed at the end of the 4\u2010hour infusion and thereafter concentrations declined rapidly with half\u2010life between 32 and 65\u00a0min. SNF472 at 10\u00a0mg\/kg inhibited dose dependently HAP crystallization in plasma samples after 28\u00a0days of treatment (78% inhibition, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>SNF472 is safe and well tolerated in HD patients after 2 schemes: multiple ascending doses for 1 week and after repeated dosing of 10\u00a0mg\/kg for 4\u00a0weeks. In both schemes, SNF472 inhibits the induction of HAP crystallization. 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