{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:40:47Z","timestamp":1789015247338,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]],"date-time":"2019-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002630","name":"Ewha Womans University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RP\u2010Grant 2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP\u2010Grant 2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002630","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the real\u2010world effect of dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 inhibitor (DPP4i) on the incidence of autoimmune diseases (AD), including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified new users of DPP4i (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0497 619) or non\u2010DPP4i (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0643 165) oral combination therapy between 1 January 2011 and 30 June 2015 among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Korean national health insurance claims database. Patients were followed from the date of initiation of combination therapy until AD outcome, censoring for treatment discontinuation or switching, death or end of study (31 August 2016). Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for RA, inflammatory bowel diseases, other AD (multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus), and the composite of all outcomes were estimated using propensity score (PS)\u2010adjusted Cox model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the PS\u2010weighted and PS\u2010matched analysis, the risk of incident RA was decreased for DPP4i initiators compared with non\u2010DPP4i initiators (aHR 0.67 [95% CI 0.49\u20130.92] and aHR 0.72 [95% CI 0.51\u20131.01], respectively). In both analyses, the risk of incident composite AD was also decreased for DPP4i initiators compared with non\u2010DPP4i initiators (aHR 0.82 [95% CI 0.68\u20130.99] and aHR 0.76 [95% CI 0.62\u20130.93], respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this large population\u2010based cohort study, upfront DPP4i combination therapy was associated with a lower risk of composite AD compared with initial non\u2010DPP4i combination therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]],"date-time":"2019-04-09T18:40:11Z","timestamp":1554835211000},"page":"1719-1727","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 inhibitors lower the risk of autoimmune disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide population\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Jong\u2010Mi","family":"Seong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Division of Life &amp; Pharmaceutical Sciences Ewha Womans University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Division of Life &amp; Pharmaceutical Sciences Ewha Womans University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0278-2563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye Sun","family":"Gwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Division of Life &amp; Pharmaceutical Sciences Ewha Womans University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2008.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2012.01342.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/35.6.1016","article-title":"Activities of dipeptidyl peptidase II and dipeptidyl peptidase IV in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis","volume":"35","author":"Gotoh H","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2010.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655201750422675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/2849"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"1858","article-title":"Reduction of serum soluble CD26\/dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme activity and its correlation with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"29","author":"Kobayashi H","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713609354"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2008.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2009.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385855-9.00003-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-016-0399-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"The Health Insurance Review & Assessment services.HIRA System. 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