{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T01:39:15Z","timestamp":1790991555113,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]],"date-time":"2019-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 1 diabetes can be complicated with neuropathy that involves immune\u2010mediated and inflammatory pathways. Glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists such as liraglutide, have shown anti\u2010inflammatory properties, and thus we hypothesized that long\u2010term treatment with liraglutide induced diminished inflammation and thus improved neuronal function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was a randomized, double\u2010blinded, placebo\u2010controlled trial of adults with type 1 diabetes and confirmed symmetrical polyneuropathy. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either liraglutide or placebo. Titration was 6\u00a0weeks to 1.2\u20131.8\u00a0mg\/d, continuing for 26\u00a0weeks. The primary endpoint was change in latency of early brain evoked potentials. Secondary endpoints were changes in proinflammatory cytokines, cortical evoked potential, autonomic function and peripheral neurophysiological testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty\u2010nine patients completed the study, of whom 19 received liraglutide. In comparison to placebo, liraglutide reduced interleukin\u20106 (\u221222.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: \u221238.1, \u22123.2;\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0.025) with concomitant numerical reductions in other proinflammatory cytokines. However neuronal function was unaltered at the central, autonomic or peripheral level. Treatment was associated with \u22123.38\u00a0kg (95% CI: \u22125.29, \u22121.48;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001] weight loss and a decrease in urine albumin\/creatinine ratio (\u221240.2%; 95% CI: \u221260.6, \u22129.5;\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0.02).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hitherto, diabetic neuropathy has no cure. Speculations can be raised whether mechanism targeted treatment, e.g. lowering the systemic level of proinflammatory cytokines may lead to prevention or treatment of the neuroinflammatory component in early stages of diabetic neuropathy. If ever successful, this would serve as an example of how fundamental mechanistic principles are translated into clinical practice similar to those applied in the cardiovascular and nephrological clinic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]],"date-time":"2019-07-24T03:54:16Z","timestamp":1563940456000},"page":"2512-2523","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Liraglutide treatment reduced interleukin\u20106 in adults with type 1 diabetes but did not improve established autonomic or polyneuropathy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3381-1884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Brock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mech\u2010Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Aalborg University Hospital &amp; Clinical Institute Aalborg University  Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapy and Development University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5782-3476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian Stevns","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen Region Hovedstaden  Gentofte Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6026-5834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesper","family":"Karmisholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Aalborg University Hospital  Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center North  Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7687-5995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holger Jon","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Juhl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology Aalborg University Hospital  Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1902-2640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam Donald","family":"Farmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry Queen Mary University of London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology University Hospitals of North Midlands  Stoke on Trent Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7465-964X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asbj\u00f8rn 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