{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T07:01:07Z","timestamp":1769324467630,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>P\u2010glycoprotein (P\u2010gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) are efflux transporters expressed in the placenta, limiting their substrates from reaching the foetus. Our aim was to investigate if concomitant prenatal exposure to several substrates or inhibitors of these transporters increases the risk of congenital anomalies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The national <jats:italic>Drugs and Pregnancy<\/jats:italic> database, years 1996\u20132014, was utilized in this population\u2010based birth cohort study. In the database, the Medical Birth Register, the Register on Induced Abortions, the Malformation register and the Register on Reimbursed Drug Purchases have been linked. The University of Washington Metabolism and Transport Drug Interaction Database was used to identify substrates and inhibitors of P\u2010gp and BCRP. We included singleton pregnancies ending in birth or elective termination of pregnancy due to foetal anomaly. Known teratogens were excluded. We identified women exposed 1 month before pregnancy or during the first trimester to P\u2010gp\/BCRP polytherapy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 21 186); P\u2010gp\/breast cancer resistance protein monotherapy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 97 906); non\u2010P\u2010gp\/BCRP polytherapy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 78 636); and unexposed (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 728 870). We investigated the association between the exposure groups and major congenital anomalies using logistic regression adjusting for several confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of congenital anomalies was higher in the P\u2010gp\/BCRP polytherapy group (5.5%) compared to the P\u2010gp\/BCRP monotherapy (4.7%, OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.05\u20131.21), the non\u2010P\u2010gp\/BCRP polytherapy (4.9%, OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.06\u20131.22), and to the unexposed groups (4.2%, OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.15\u20131.31).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results suggest a role of placental transporter\u2010mediated drug interactions in teratogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]],"date-time":"2019-12-11T06:04:25Z","timestamp":1576044265000},"page":"868-879","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Placental transporter\u2010mediated drug interactions and offspring congenital anomalies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Ellfolk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Teratology Information, Department of Emergency Medicine Services University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5713-5692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksi","family":"Tornio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikko","family":"Niemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maarit K.","family":"Leinonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Services Department, Unit of Statistics and Registers Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna\u2010Maria","family":"Lahesmaa\u2010Korpinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Services Department, Unit of Statistics and Registers Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5986-6640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heli","family":"Malm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teratology Information, Department of Emergency Medicine Services University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Child Psychiatry University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","unstructured":"Lahesmaa\u2010KorpinenA\u2010M ArtamaM GisslerM HeinoA MalmH RitvanenA.Raskaudenaikainen l\u00e4\u00e4kkeidenk\u00e4ytt\u00f6 syntyneiden lasten perinataaliterveys sek\u00e4 ep\u00e4muodostumat 1996\u20132010. 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