{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T13:05:42Z","timestamp":1786539942270,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006044","name":"Astellas Pharma Europe","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006044","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dried blood spot (DBS) home sampling allows monitoring creatinine levels and tacrolimus trough levels as an alternative for blood sampling in the hospital, which is important in kidney transplant patient follow\u2010up. This study aims to assess whether DBS home sampling results in decreased patient travel burden and lower societal costs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this single\u2010centre randomized controlled hybrid implementation trial, adult kidney transplant patients were enrolled. The intervention group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 25) used DBS home sampling on top of usual care in the first 6 months after transplantation. The control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 23) received usual care only. The primary endpoint was the number of outpatient visits. Other endpoints were costs per patient, patient satisfaction and implementation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no statistically significant difference in the average number of outpatient visits between the DBS group (11.2, standard deviation: 1.7) and the control group (10.9, standard deviation: 1.4; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .48). Average costs per visit in the DBS group were not significantly different (\u20ac542, 95% confidence interval \u20ac316\u2013990) compared to the control group (\u20ac533, 95% confidence interval \u20ac278\u20131093; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .66). Most patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 19\/23, 82.6%) were willing to perform DBS home\u2010sampling if this would reduce the number of hospital visits. Only 55.9% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 143\/256) of the expected DBS samples were received and 1\/5 analysed on time (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 52\/256).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult kidney transplant patients are willing to perform DBS home sampling. However, to decrease patient travel burden and costs in post\u2010transplant care, optimization of the logistical process concerning mailing and analysis of DBS samples is crucial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T07:27:22Z","timestamp":1582183642000},"page":"1357-1366","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Effects, costs and implementation of monitoring kidney transplant patients' tacrolimus levels with dried blood spot sampling: A randomized controlled hybrid implementation trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4929-4834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herman","family":"Veenhof","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Job Frank Martien","family":"van Boven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"van der Voort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan Philip","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanus Johannes Leonardus","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dani\u00ebl Johannes","family":"Touw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Section Pharmaceutical Analysis University of Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2009.02834.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000640"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq096"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001591"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2013.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/bio-2016-0296"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-014-8415-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167433"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.12983"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Feasibility of and patients' perspective on nilotinib dried blood spot self\u2010sampling","author":"Boons CC","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000224"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2501"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/201918"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000659"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e3182408812"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i6795"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013318"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-8-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000643"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2019-0053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.ICMJE Protection of Research Participants.http:\/\/www.icmje.org\/recommendations\/browse\/roles\u2010and\u2010responsibilities\/protection\u2010of\u2010research\u2010participants.html. 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