{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T01:36:06Z","timestamp":1787880966612,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This is a PROSPERO registered systematic review (CRD42018105207), conducted to summarize the available knowledge regarding the population pharmacokinetics of digoxin in paediatrics and to identify the sources of variability in its disposition. PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS and Science Direct databases were searched from inception to January 2019. All paediatric population pharmacokinetic studies of digoxin that utilized the nonlinear mixed\u2010effect modelling approach were incorporated in this review, and data were synthesized descriptively. After application of the inclusion\u2013exclusion criteria 8 studies were included. Most studies described digoxin pharmacokinetics as a 1\u2010compartment model with only 1 study describing its pharmacokinetics as 2\u2010compartments. Age was an important predictor of clearance in studies involving neonates or infants, other predictors of clearance were weight, height, serum creatinine, coadministration of spironolactone and presence of congestive heart failure. Congestive heart failure was also associated with an increased volume of distribution in 1 study. The estimated value of apparent clearance in a typical individual standardized by mean weight ranged between 0.24 and 0.56 L\/h\/kg, the interindividual variability in clearance ranged between 7.0 and 35.1%. Half of the studies evaluated the performance of their developed models via external evaluation. In conclusion, substantial predictors of digoxin pharmacokinetics in the paediatric population in addition to model characteristics and evaluation techniques are presented. For clinicians, clearance could be predicted using age especially in neonates or infants, weight, height, serum creatinine, coadministration of medications and disease status. For future researchers, designing pharmacokinetic studies that allow 2\u2010compartment modelling and linking pharmacokinetics with pharmacodynamics is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]],"date-time":"2020-03-10T06:02:51Z","timestamp":1583820171000},"page":"1267-1280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["A systematic review of population pharmacokinetic analyses of digoxin in the paediatric population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3976-5444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariam H.","family":"Abdel Jalil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Jordan  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noura","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine University of Jordan  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6678-670X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mervat M.","family":"Alsous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy Yarmouk University  Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6382-4774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Jordan  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7861-1958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khawla","family":"Abu\u2010Hammour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Jordan  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HPC.0b013e318221e7dd"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000444078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Kluwer Wolters. 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