{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T04:18:32Z","timestamp":1788236312737,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Clin Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a set of prescribing safety indicators related to mental health disorders and medications, and to estimate the risk of harm associated with each indicator.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A modified two\u2010stage electronic Delphi. The first stage consisted of two rounds in which 31 experts rated their agreement with a set of 101 potential mental health related prescribing safety indicators using a five\u2010point scale and given the opportunity to suggest other indicators. Indicators that achieved 80% agreement were accepted. The second stage comprised a single round in which 29 members estimated the risk of harm for each accepted indicator by assessing the occurrence likelihood and outcome severity using two five\u2010point scales. Indicators were considered high or extreme risk when at least 80% of participants rated each indicator as high or extreme.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventy\u2010five indicators were accepted in the first stage. Following the second stage, 42 (56%) were considered to be high or extreme risk for patient care. The 42 indicators comprised different types of hazardous prescribing, including drug\u2010disease interactions (n = 12), drug\u2010drug interactions (n = 9), inadequate monitoring (n = 5), inappropriate duration (n = 4), inappropriate dose (n = 4), omissions (n = 4), potentially inappropriate medications (n = 3) and polypharmacy (n = 1). These indicators also covered different mental health related medication classes, including antipsychotics (n = 14), mood stabilisers (n = 8), antidepressants (n = 6), sedative, hypnotics and anxiolytics (n = 6), anticholinergic (n = 6) and nonspecific psychotropics (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has developed the first suite of prescribing safety indicators related to mental health disorders and medications, which could inform the development of future safety improvement initiatives and interventional studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T21:48:18Z","timestamp":1590011298000},"page":"189-209","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Development of prescribing safety indicators related to mental health disorders and medications: Modified e\u2010Delphi study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9489-1697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wael Y.","family":"Khawagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy Taif University  Taif Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8917-2674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas T.","family":"Steinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0344-4075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Pontefract","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7854-8154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard N.","family":"Keers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"McManusS BebbingtonP JenkinsR T B.Mental health and wellbeing in England: Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2014. 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