{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T19:12:58Z","timestamp":1771269178375,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Candidates with disabilities are eligible for reasonable adjustments (RA) while undertaking the national Prescribing Safety Assessment (PSA). The PSA is a novel open\u2010book, time\u2010constrained, multiformat assessment that may pose challenges to candidates with dyslexia and other disabilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort analysis of 36 140 UK candidates undertaking first\u2010sitting of the PSA (2014\u20132018).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 36 140 candidates, 9.1% (3284) were registered for RA. The RA group had lower pass rates (absolute difference 1.94%, 95% confidence interval 1.01\u20132.87%; <jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic> .001) and assessment scores (1.16 percentage marks, 95% confidence interval 0.83\u20131.48; <jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic> .001) compared with the non\u2010RA group. This absolute difference is small relative to overall variability. This difference persists after adjusting for confounding factors (medical school and paper), and was present for all 8 different question types. The attainment gap within each medical school is negatively correlated with the school's overall performance, both in terms of pass rate (<jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic> .001) and scores (<jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic> .01). The RA group were also less likely to perceive the PSA as an appropriate test, having easy to follow layout\/presentation or clear\/unambiguous questions, even after adjusting for candidate performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This analysis identifies slight differences in academic performance of candidates requiring RA in a national undergraduate assessment. The study is limited by the unavailability of data on ethnicity, sex, age, diagnosis and time of diagnosis. While further research is required to determine the cause of the attainment gap, this study emphasises the need to maintain a careful review on the fairness and validity of all aspects of the assessment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T14:53:36Z","timestamp":1593442416000},"page":"946-954","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Candidates registered for reasonable adjustments underperform compared to other candidates in the national undergraduate Prescribing Safety Assessment: Retrospective cohort analysis (2014\u20132018)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Kate","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St Bartholomew's and the Royal London Hospitals Barts Health NHS Trust  UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William M.","family":"Ricketts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Bartholomew's and the Royal London Hospitals Barts Health NHS Trust  UK"},{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences Education, Queen Mary University of London  UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3032-7237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Pharmacological Society  London UK"},{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Edinburgh Medical School University of Edinburgh  UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3647-2355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu Liang","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Bartholomew's and the Royal London Hospitals Barts Health NHS Trust  UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London  UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Government Equalities Office.Equality Act 2010: What do I need to know? 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