{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T06:04:52Z","timestamp":1780639492987,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Beta\u2010blockers are commonly used to treat hypertension that arises during pregnancy. However, reproductive safety concerns have been expressed. Here, we investigated whether the use of \u03b2\u2010blockers during early pregnancy increased the risk of congenital malformations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library to identify relevant studies published from database inception until February 2020. Observational studies evaluating associations between maternal \u03b2\u2010blocker use and congenital malformations were included in this meta\u2010analysis. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality. Meta\u2010analysis of outcomes was performed and a summary odds ratio (OR) was calculated with consideration of heterogeneity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty observational studies were identified. Beta\u2010blocker use during early pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations (OR = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.93\u20131.09). Subgroup analysis of organ\u2010specific malformations revealed that \u03b2\u2010blocker use was associated with an increased risk of heart malformations (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.02\u20131.63) and an increased risk of cleft lip or palate (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.18\u20131.91); however, these associations (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.94\u20131.32 for heart malformations; OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 0.98\u20131.85 for cleft lip or palate) disappeared when the adjusted data were pooled. Beta\u2010blocker use was not associated with increased risks of central nervous system malformations, neural tube defects or hypospadias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to \u03b2\u2010blockers during early pregnancy does not appear to be associated with congenital malformations or heart malformations in offspring. Other organ\u2010specific congenital malformations should be evaluated in further studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T02:57:03Z","timestamp":1601089023000},"page":"806-815","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Risk of congenital malformations in offspring of women using \u03b2\u2010blockers during early pregnancy: An updated meta\u2010analysis of observational studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Yin","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Diseases, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo  Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang\u2010wei","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Diseases, Tongxiang Dental Hospital, Tongxiang  Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010jie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Diseases, Tongxiang First People's Hospital, Tongxiang  Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianshi Dental Clinic of Huzhou, Huzhou  Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8228-5294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Long","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Diseases, Tongxiang First People's Hospital, Tongxiang  Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2016.126"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.12968"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l5119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000069"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10799899409066030"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"158","article-title":"The effect of propranolol upon chick embryo cardiogenesis","volume":"45","author":"Gilani SH","year":"1977","journal-title":"Exp Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2010.227"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.129098"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20415"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.641"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2143\/AC.64.1.2034357"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(03)00012-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-009-0620-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.900"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20238"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/05-208.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19960503)63:1<268::AID-AJMG45>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00833"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1212"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.0608"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08773"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0338"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-017-0627-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1372"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001818"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","unstructured":"HigginsJP.Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1.0. 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