{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T20:26:50Z","timestamp":1787603210905,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SCHW 416\/11\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCHW 416\/11\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SCHW 416\/11\u20102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCHW 416\/11\u20102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dimethyl fumarate and nicotinic acid activate the hydroxy\u2010carboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and induce flushing. It is not known whether HCA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> mediates other adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to these two substances. This study aims to compare ADRs associated with dimethyl fumarate and nicotinic acid, and to discuss whether they are HCA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010mediated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified spontaneous reports of suspected ADRs to dimethyl fumarate and nicotinic acid in the European Adverse Drug Reaction Database (EudraVigilance). These reports were analysed at different hierarchical levels of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). In addition, we screened murine organs for HCA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Similarities in the ADR profile of dimethyl fumarate and nicotinic acid included \u201cgastrointestinal signs and symptoms\u201d (odds ratio [OR] 0.8 [0.6\u20101.1]), \u201chepatobiliary investigations\u201d (OR 1.3 [0.7\u20102.5]) and \u201canxiety disorders and symptoms\u201d (OR 0.9 [0.3\u20102.2]) in High Level Group Terms; \u201cdiarrhoea (excluding infective)\u201d (OR 1.2 [0.7\u20101.8]) and \u201cliver function analyses\u201d (OR 1.3 [0.7\u20102.6]) in High Level Terms; and \u201cdiarrhoea\u201d (OR 1.2 [0.7\u20102.0]) and \u201cvomiting\u201d (OR 0.9 [0.4\u20101.7]) in Preferred Terms. In analogy, HCA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, liver and central nervous system (CNS) of murine organs. A discrepant ADR profile was seen for \u201clymphopenia\u201d (n\u2009=\u2009777) at the preferred term level (only reported for dimethyl fumarate) and \u201cblood glucose increased\u201d (more often reported for nicotinic acid; OR 0.1 [0.0\u20100.5]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The gastrointestinal ADRs common to both substances may be mediated by HCA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Other ADRs not common to both substances are compound or indication\u2010specific reactions and likely do not involve HCA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T10:03:41Z","timestamp":1613729021000},"page":"3813-3824","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Do dimethyl fumarate and nicotinic acid elicit common, potentially HCA<sub>2<\/sub>\u2010mediated adverse reactions? 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