{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:40:05Z","timestamp":1772160005430,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antihypertensive drugs have been implicated in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) susceptibility and severity, but estimated associations may be susceptible to bias. We aimed to evaluate antihypertensive medications and COVID\u201019 diagnosis and mortality, accounting for healthcare\u2010seeking behaviour.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A population\u2010based case\u2010control study was conducted including 16\u2009866 COVID\u201019 cases and 70\u2009137 matched controls from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. We evaluated all\u2010cause mortality among COVID\u201019 cases. Exposures were angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), beta\u2010blockers (B), calcium\u2010channel blockers (C), thiazide diuretics (D) and other antihypertensive drugs (O). Analyses were adjusted for covariates and consultation frequency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ACEIs were associated with lower odds of COVID\u201019 diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77\u20100.88) as were ARBs (AOR 0.87, 95% CI 0.80\u20100.95) with little attenuation from adjustment for consultation frequency. C and D were also associated with lower odds of COVID\u201019 diagnosis. Increased odds of COVID\u201019 for B (AOR 1.19, 95% CI 1.12\u20101.26) were attenuated after adjustment for consultation frequency (AOR 1.01, 95% CI 0.95\u20101.08). Patients treated with ACEIs or ARBs had similar odds of mortality (AOR 1.00, 95% CI 0.83\u20101.20) to patients treated with classes B, C, D or O or patients receiving no antihypertensive therapy (AOR 0.99, 95% CI 0.83\u20101.18).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was no evidence that antihypertensive therapy is associated with increased risk of COVID\u201019 diagnosis or mortality; most classes of antihypertensive therapy showed negative associations with COVID\u201019 diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T23:55:49Z","timestamp":1619567749000},"page":"4598-4607","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Antihypertensive medications and COVID\u201019 diagnosis and mortality: Population\u2010based case\u2010control analysis in the United Kingdom"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2986-792X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Rezel\u2010Potts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College London School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences  London UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdel","family":"Douiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College London School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences  London UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration South London Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phil J.","family":"Chowienczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin C.","family":"Gulliford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College London School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences  London UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration South London Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London  London 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