{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T18:19:15Z","timestamp":1790965155119,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005381","name":"Financial Markets Foundation for Children","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1197940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1197940"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1158763"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1158763"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1175744"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1175744"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1196900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1196900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Public health responses to reduce SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 transmission have profoundly affected the epidemiology and management of other infections. We examined the impact of COVID\u201019 restrictions on antibiotic dispensing in Australia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used national claims data to investigate antibiotic dispensing trends from November 2015 to October 2020 and whether changes reflected reductions in primary care consultations. We used interrupted time series analysis to quantify changes in monthly antibiotic dispensing and face\u2010to\u2010face and telehealth GP consultations and examined changes by recipient age, pharmacy State and prescriber specialty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over the study period, an estimated 19\u2009921\u2009370 people had 125\u2009495\u2009137 antibiotic dispensings, 71% prescribed by GPs. Following COVID\u201019 restrictions, we observed a sustained 36% (95% CI: 33\u201340%) reduction in antibiotic dispensings from April 2020. Antibiotics recommended for managing respiratory tract infections showed large reductions (range 51\u201369%), whereas those recommended for non\u2010respiratory infections were unchanged. Dispensings prescribed by GPs decreased from 63.5 per 1000 population for April\u2013October 2019 to 37.0 per 1000 for April\u2013October 2020. Total GP consultation rates remained stable, but from April 2020, 31% of consultations were telehealth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a setting with a low COVID\u201019 incidence, restrictions were associated with a substantial reduction in community dispensings of antibiotics primarily used to treat respiratory infections, coincident with reported reductions in respiratory viral infections. Our findings are informative for post\u2010pandemic antimicrobial stewardship and highlight the potential to reduce inappropriate prescribing by GPs and specialists for respiratory viral infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T04:02:26Z","timestamp":1629259346000},"page":"1143-1151","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Changes in antibiotic prescribing following COVID\u201019 restrictions: Lessons for post\u2010pandemic antibiotic stewardship"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9038-8050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malcolm B.","family":"Gillies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Big Data Research in Health, Faculty of Medicine UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Burgner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital  Parkville Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Parkville Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorraine","family":"Ivancic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Nassar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica E.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital  Parkville Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Parkville Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheena G.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, and Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isobel M. 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