{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:00:02Z","timestamp":1787068802226,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In search of noninvasive biomarkers to assess the pharmacodynamic effects of portal pressure\u2010lowering drugs, the reproducibility of flow measurements in the superior mesenteric artery was evaluated using Doppler ultrasound.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A reproducibility study was conducted in 15 healthy male volunteers (18\u201350\u2009y). Eight ultrasound measurements were performed for each subject: 2 observers each conducted 2 measurements during 2 separate visits. The following flow parameters were captured: peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI), volume flow (VF) and vessel diameter. Reproducibility was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results are presented as intraclass correlation coefficient [95% confidence interval]. The flow parameters PSV, EDV, PI and VF correlated excellently within observer during visit 1 (0.888 [0.748\u20130.953], 0.910 [0.793\u20130.962], 0.844 [0.656\u20130.933] and 0.916 [0.857\u20130.951], respectively) and visit 2 (0.925 [0.829\u20130.968], 0.942 [0.863\u20130.976], 0.883 [0.719\u20130.954] and 0.915 [0.855\u20130.951], respectively). Measurements conducted during 2 separate visits by 1 observer correlated well to excellently for PSV, EDV, PI and VF (0.756 [0.552\u20130.875], 0.836 [0.694\u20130.916], 0.807 [0.631\u20130.904] and 0.839 [0.783\u20130.882], respectively). Measurements conducted by 2 distinct observers correlated well to excellently for PSV, EDV and VF during visit 1 (0.813 [0.584\u20130.922], 0.884 [0.597\u20130.945] and 0.786 [0.575\u20130.899], respectively) and visit 2 (0.779 [0.498\u20130.912], 0.861 [0.672\u20130.945], 0.810 [0.553\u20130.926], respectively). Vessel diameter measurements were poorly reproducible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Doppler ultrasound is a reproducible method for flow measurements in the superior mesenteric artery in a standardized group of healthy volunteers. Therefore, it is a promising technique to assess pharmacodynamic effects of splanchnic vasoactive compounds in early clinical drug development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T01:00:08Z","timestamp":1632445208000},"page":"1785-1794","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Doppler ultrasound to assess the pharmacodynamic effects of splanchnic vasoactive compounds"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0041-1614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heleen","family":"Marynissen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Pharmacology University Hospitals Leuven  Leuven 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